2380 LrAFLETS oF PHILIPPINE BOTANY | [VoL. VII, Arr. 112 
crowded, interlacing and even lying on top of one another 
and extending down hill and just outward and upward enough 
to secure a portion of the sun light and clear air. Every 
mountaineer knows of the difficulty in cutting his way through 
this section of the Philippine alpine vegetation, and the necessity 
of getting down on both hands and feet in order to crawl 
through the limbs and roots or along the stems that lie close to 
the ground, or as it frequently happens one can walk over the tops 
of the shrubby trees. On these ridges and in the interven- 
ing gulehes are great mixtures of plants, and every ridge 
and gulch lends its local interest to the botanist. The flowers 
or fruits are not easily seen from beneath, and frequently 
I climbed the higher trees in order to secure an oversight 
and to spot or locate flowering or fruiting specimens, and 
even then how far can one see or detect the inconspicuous 
small flowers and fruits? And how often do we go to 
the summit for successful collecting and how far around the 
mountain peak is it possible fot us to go, or how much 
time have we to explore every individual ridge and inter- 
vening gulch or ravine? 
The rattans, like the oaks, were just coming into fruiting 
state. The Manobos recalled to me over thirty five different 
kinds, yet I have barely succeeded in collecting one half of them. 
In the Lake Danao region or in the mossy forests at 5000 feet al- 
titude is a fine species whose stem is no thicker than a slate pencil. 
There are usually several stems of this species from the same root. 
cluster and they dangle about like wires. In this same re- 
gion was a tall tree climbing rattan whose old stem measured 
an inch in diameter. Its rank, repeatedly branched five. 
feet high infrutescence was loaded with one half inch thick, 
perfectly globose purple red mature fruits. The whole in- 
frutescence appeared in the tree tops as a mass of red flowers 
and could be seen long distances. The summit region of 
Duros harbered many spiny plants. The Manobo name Duros 
has some reference to spines. One of these was a very coarse 
rattan with a four inch thick old stem. I have never seen 
such a thick stemmed species and it was only observed on 
Duros. I failed to detect either flower or fruit on it. 
On the limbs of the big trees of Cawilanan Peak is a 
large aerial; Fagraea epiphytica Elm. whose fully grown fruits 
