sé : : BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 
rude, and boisterous, requiring great bullying: I owe them a grudge 
for breaking my azimuth compass, though more accidentally, I believe, 
than through wilful mischief. They opposed my crossing the Arun. 
Kiong-lah is the name of the range forming the great axis, or water- 
shed between the Yarou and the Arun. Turner crossed Dingcham, 
and reached his highest ground about Ramtchien. That is the centre 
of the neud: from thence six mountain-chains or spurs radiate :— 
1, that west of Bhotan, on which is Chumalari; 2, that east of Sik- 
kim, with Donkiah on it; 3, that bounding the Arun on the south, 
with Kinchin-junga; 4,...... ; 5, the axis running north-west 
between the Painom and Arun, and then south-west; 6, the Odoo 
mountains? running south-east between the Patchiou and Monass. 
The rivers are—1, S. the Matchoo; 2, S.W. the Teesta; 3, W. 
the Arun; 4, N. the Painom; 5, N.E....... ; 6, S.E. the Pat- 
chiou. The mean elevation of this tract is 16-17,000 feet; nothing 
will ripen. Digarchi is in about the lat. and long. that Turner assigns 
to it. Crops only come to maturity under the shelter of, and in the 
radiation from, the black rocks of the flanks of the Painom valley and 
its tributaries. "The Wallnut grows, but does not perfect its fruit, nor 
Peaches ; and Willow is the only tree from 8—12 feet high. The result of. 
all the oral information I collected about its native and cultivated vege- 
tation, &c., would lead me to assume the elevation of this region to be 
14,000 feet, and the mean temperature of October ( fide Turner) gives the 
same, calculated at the rate of 1? Fahr. — 400 feet, which, from a mul- 
titude of observations of air and sunk thermometer (3 feet), contempo- 
raneously with others at Darjeeling and Calcutta, I have found to be 
the decrement for altitudes above 1,000 feet north of the snows. In 
* Asie Centrale,’ you perhaps assume Turner's October temperature of 
Digarchi for that of Lhassa. Of Lhassa I have many good accounts. 
Grapes do not ripen, but are imported. Peaches, Willow, and Wallnut 
do well, both wood and fruit, but no other tree. Dromedaries abound. 
It is a poor place, after all that has been said; the census is small (I 
forget what). The accounts given by those persons who have and have 
not seen such a town as Purneah, in Bengal, are sufficiently different 
and instructive. 
The Yarou is navigable for skin-boats, in the rainy season, from 
Giantchi to Digarchi, and from Digarchi to the meridian of Lhassa ; 
but the course is too tortuous : it flows between lofty mountain PAN 
