peduncled, filiform, pendulous; bracts linear oblong : 
female about the length of the leaves; bracts oblong 
roughish beneath: stigmas 4, reflexed, deciduous. 
Courtallum. In dense woods climbiug on trunks 
of trees like Ivy. 
1938. PIPER NEPALENSE (Mig.) younger leaves 
membranaceous, the adult ones membranaceo-coria- 
ceous, glabrous on both sides, pellucido-punctuate ; the 
lower ones obliqueiy ovate, or elliptico-ovate, nearly 
equal and rounded at the base, acuminate, and like 
those of the branches 7-tuple-nerved ; those of the 
male plant narrower; female catkins erect, after- 
wards spreading (patulous) about the length of the 
leaves: bracts oblong, beneath and the rachis rough- 
ish: ovary acuminate: stigmas 3-4, lanceolate, deflex- 
ed, pubescent: berries ovate acute. 
Courtallum, in dense forests climbing on trees. 
There are some discrepancies here between the char- 
acter and figure, but not of essential importance. 
1939. Pirer Wranrrr (Miq., erroneously P. Wigh- 
tiana on the plate), leaves coriaceous, membranaceous, 
finely pellucido-punetuate, glabrous, smooth above 
beneath, on the younger ones, sparingly hairy, ovate 
or elliptico-ovate, shortly acuminate, slightly unequal, 
rounded at the base, 7-nerved, (or the 3 middle ones 
united at the base) somewhat septuple-nerved, female 
catkins afterwards elongating equaling or exceed- 
ing the leaves, spreading; peduncles longer than the 
petiols: bracts oblong, linear, somewhat membrana- 
ceous: stigmas 3 or 4. 
Pulney Mountains above Cunnawaddy, Courtal- 
lum, Bababuden hills, Mysore? Iam not quite cer- 
tain in regard to the last station, the specimens being 
male only. My others are female, but they seem 
the same species. I am indebted to the kindness 
of Dr. H. Cleghorn for them. Dr. Miquel compares 
this with P. attenuatum, Nepalense, and sylvestre, with 
all of which it more or less corresponds, but he thinks 
readily distinguished by its rigid coriaceous leaves, a 
mark which the figure cannot show. 
1940. PIPER ARBORESCENS P (Miq.), stem shrubby, 
scandent, the younger leaves membranaceous, the 
adult ones thick, coriaceous, shining above, glauces- 
cent beneath, puberulous on the nerves, elliptic or 
ovate elliptie, obliquely shortly acuminate, unequal 
at the base 5- or somewhat 7-tuple-nerved : pedun- 
cles about the length of the petiols: male catkins 
short, somewhat curved, bracts orbicular, diandrous : 
females filiform, pendulous, at length very long, 
un linear oblong, sessile; stigmas 3-4, berries 
oblong. 
_Neilgherries. Fruit yellowish, passing into red when 
ripe. 
Much as the specimens selected for representation 
differ in some points from the character, especially 
in regard to the length of the male catkins, I can 
hardly hesitate in considering this the species I have 
named, for many of my specimens, taken from the 
same plant, perfeetly correspond with that part of 
the character. The point on which my doubts rest, 
and an account of which I have added a mark of 
doubt to the specific name, is the discrepancy in the 
form of the female bracts. This is a fine species, 
climbing on trees and forming large masses of pen- 
dulous herbage round their trunks and lower branches. 
I got it in a fine state of fructification in the months 
of April and May. 
1941. PIPER ARGYROPHYLLUM (Miq.), glabrous: 
the upper leaves membranaceous, thickly white spot- 
ted beneath, light opaque green above, obliquely ellip- 
tico-lanceolate, taperingly acuminate, nearly equal- 
sided, acute or cuniately tapering at the base, the 
lower septuple- the upper ones quintuple-nerved, the 
lateral nerves not extending to the apex: female 
catkins peduncled: peduncles about the length or 
sometimes exceeding the petiols : bracts oblong, glab- 
rous above, subciliate : ovary elliptic, glabrous : stig- 
mas 3-4, broadly lanceolate from the base, revolutely 
recurved, pubescent: berries ovate, shortly beaked, 
blaek when dry: testa of the seed dark brown, shin- 
ing, wrinkled. 
My only specimen of this plant is a male one, the 
counterpart of which it would appear Dr. Miquel had 
not seen as his description altogether refers to the 
female plant. So far as the habit and foliage is con- 
cerned it seems to agree with the character of the 
species, but it looks so like the following, that I 
almost suspect they are the male and female of the 
same species. 
1942. PIPER HYMENOPHYLLUM (Miq.), younger 
branches petiols and nerves on the under surface of the 
leaves, crisply roughish (crispatulo-hirtillis) : leaves 
thinly membranaceous, transparent, elliptic, attenu- 
ately acuminate ; acumen pointed or slightly blunt; 
base acute, equal-sided, quintuple-nerved; the lower 
nerves very slender, the upper ones, by interlacing, 
stronger, scarcely extending to the point: peduncles 
twice aslong as the petiols : female catkins about the 
length of the leaves: bracts linear oblong, adnate, 
undulated, stigmas 3-4. 
Courtallum. 
As already remarked, this seems to me the female 
of the preceding, and, so far as description goes, it 
does not appear to differ from the plant defined. I 
fear too much stress has been laid on characters 
taken from the relative lengths of the inflorescence 
and leaves, and on the forms of the bracts, in the 
discrimination of the species of this genus. I make 
the remark mainly for the purpose of directing atten- 
tion to the subject. 
1943. MULDERA WiconTIANA (Miq.), leaves ovate 
or ovato-elliptic, obliquely and acutely acuminate ; 
equal and roundish at the base, septuple-nerved, the 
three middle nerves continued to the apex, (reddish 
beneath) membranceo-coriaceous, pellucido-punctu- 
ate: male catkins long peduncled, filiform, longer than 
the leaves, many-flowered: cups reflexed, clavate ; 
opening transversely near the apex ; hairy within. 
Courtallum, in dense forests, flowering during July 
and August. 
The above character applies to the male plant— 
that on the righthand side of the plate. "The other, 
the female, seems ° pea obe: but is I چا‎ ae 
same species, though, I strongly suspect it is the M. 
a of نر او‎ I have specimens of the female 
orm from both the Neilgherries and Courtallum. 
On the supposition that it is indeed that species, I 
subjoin Miquel's character of it. 
MULDERA GALEATA (Miq.), leaves broad or lan- 
ceolato-elliptic, somewhat acute and acuminate, slight- 
ly unequal-sided, obtuse or acutish at the base ; septu- 
ple- or quintuple-nerved, the middle nerves free from 
a little above the base extending to the apex, some- 
py 
