346 TRANSPLANTATION OF THE PERUVIAN BARK. 



all its varieties ; and the heights, table-lands, and mountain-tops, the 

 floras of Southern and IVIiddle Europe. The plains of Europe present 

 many floras agreeing with that of the Java mountain-tops, which are 

 9000 feet higher. 



The progress of our knowledge of the geographical propagation of 

 plants, and of that propagation in connection with the knowledge of 

 the physical constitution of countries, ofl^er a vast field for enterprise in 

 the culture and transplantation of plants, which may sometimes be 

 brought from distances of thousands of miles. 



The situation of many of the Quinquina districts being analogous to 

 the geographical breadth of Java, must not be lost sight of. If this 

 island does not present a like temperature in respect to the division of 

 the quantity of sunlight, that mighty spur to vegetation, it will how- 

 ever give some analogy. 



There exists at Java a principal requisite, which is of the greatest 

 importance, and which almost warrants success. It is this : a good 

 result to the transplantation of the Quinquina-tree from its native soil 

 to a foreign land, can only be expected if (except conditions of less 

 weight) one principal condition be fulfilled, namely that the trees be not 

 planted in any country beyond the tropics ; as only in the tropics does 

 a temperature sufficiently even and unvarying last during the whole 

 year, and by which the free development of the Quinquina-tree is made 

 dependent by nature, as it appears in the geographical extent of those 

 trees in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, New Granada. For this reason, the 

 countries without the tropics, as Algiers or the Himalaya Mountains, 

 could never serve for the culture of the Quinquina-tree, because they 

 lie without the tropics, and the difference in the temperature of winter 

 and summer is too great to suppose that trees that have been used to 

 an even temperature through the whole yeai", would thrive there. Simi- 

 lar elevations, with a climate constituted as nearly as possible alike, 

 laving the same variations by day and night, are to be found. On the 

 mountains of Java, floras similar to those of the Quinquina-woods of 

 Peru, may indicate the way, the place, the soil probably, where the 

 Quinquina may be cultivated with good success. 



In the opinion of Dr. Junghuhn, the elevation for the culture of the 

 Quinquina is to be found at 5000 and 6000 feet, or even higher, par- 

 ticularly as we can with confidence assert that, in America, experience 

 has taught us that those sorts which are met with in the lower stations 



