THE WORKS OF MARCGRAV AND PISO. 203 
dos Algodoeiros e sobre o methodo de colher e ensacar, Lisboa, 1799, 
8vo; Discurso sobre a utilidade da Instituigam de Jardins nos prin- 
cipaes provincias do Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1810, 8vo; and Disser- 
tacam sobre as plantas do Brazil, qué podem dar linhos proprios para 
muytos usos 4 sociedade e suprer a salta do canhamo, Rio de Janeiro, 
1810, 8vo. In the two last there are some valuable notices on plants 
belonging to those regions*. This physician, a pupil of Gouan, has, 
besides, described rare plants from Pernambuco, drawn for him by 
Martins Ribeiro, who was fond of natural history (but who took a 
dangerous part in the revolution of 1816, which brought him to the 
gallows). This work, entitled ‘Centurie plantarum Pernambucarum,’ 
remained long in abeyance, until the drawings recently fell into the 
hands of the learned and diligent Dr. Frane. Freire Allemiio, at Rio 
de Janeiro, who began in 1846 to publish single species, under the de- 
signation Trobalhos botanicos do Doutor Manoel Arruda da Camara, 
4to, cum tab. The third name to be mentioned in this place, is Frey 
Leandro do Sacramento, who, as professor of botany at Rio de Janeiro, 
has introduced several plants from the province of Pernambuco, where 
he was born, into the gardens of the capital. 
More important for our purpose are the contributions made by Dr. 
George Gardner, who visited Alagoas and Pernambuco, and travelled 
from Aracaty through the provinces of Ceara and Piauhy, made ample 
: collections there, which he rendered accessible by selling them, and 
besides published much useful account of the vegetation of those coun- 
tries, in his * Travels in the Interior of Brazil, London, 1846, 8vo. I 
have obtained additional materials through M. Schornbaum, a German 
gardener, located at Pernambuco. On the other hand, my undertaking 
is facilitated by the circumstance, that very many of the plants, con- 
cerning which Piso and Maregrav render account, have spread them- 
selves beyond the limits of those provinces, especially the useful plants 
recorded by them, which have long ago become known and employed 
in the tropical part of Brazil. The latter class of plants being fre- 
quently mentioned, imparts to our subject, above its matter of purely 
botanical interest, a predominating historical or ethnographical impor- 
tance. But this very reason obliges us to extend our inquiries to 
* Both treatises are reprinted in "ede Travels in M: a ee n 
translation of it. He has likewise pub! 
Janeiro; Rio, 1809, 8vo. 
