271 
Versuch eines Commentars über die Pflanzen in den Werken von Marc- 
grav und Piso, etc. Attempt at a Commentary on the Plants in the 
works of Maregrav and Piso on Brazil; with some further details con- 
cerning the Flora of that Kingdom. By Dr. C. Fn. Pu. von Martius. 
1. Cryptogames. Munich, 1858, 4to. (From Memoirs of the Royal 
Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Cl. II. vol. vii. sect. 1.) Translated 
from the German by Dr. Warnrcm, V.P. Royal and Linn. Soc. 
(Continued from p. 207*.) 
Fungi Pisoniani. 
Marcgrav’s works contain nothing on this subject; whereas Piso alludes 
to it in his third book, de venenis eorumque antidotis (ed. 1648), p. 47 ; 
intimating that there are seven kinds of Fungi, known under different 
names, which he comprises under the general Tupis name Carapucú, 
without quoting any of them. Further, he says, that some are poison- 
ous, indieated by losing their colour on being broken; which he seems 
to have had opportunities of noticing, as is apparent from the following 
characteristic account he gives :—‘ Inter venenatos qui sunt pejores, 
singultum excitant, intestina exulcerant, corpori ac faciei inducunt 
pallorem, urinam remorantur, arterias intercipiunt; ad hzc frigus, tre- 
morem, sudorem frigidum, mortem denique afferunt." The following 
indigenous antidotes are recommended, independent of the usual alexi- 
pharmica, namely, the pungent, aromatic roots of native pepper shrubs : 
Jaborandi, Artanthe Luschnathiana, Miq. (unless his 4. obumbrata is 
meant by “ed. 1, p. 97, fig. dextra”); 4. caudata, Miq. (ibid. p. 96), 
and Serronia Anisum (Marcgr. vol. i. p. 69. Vell. Fl. Flum. vol. i. t. 55), 
which is still applied under the name of Jaborandi ; besides the herb 
Nhambi (ed. 1, p. 89; ed. 2, p. 310), a Composita coming nearest to 
Grangea. The same accounts are repeated in the Hist. Nat. (1658) - —— 
p. 309, with the addition of a woodcut, which however does not seem — 
to be taken from a Brazilian painting, but to be copied from a figure of : 
Agaricus (Amanita) muscarius, of some old Herbal. The original may — 
be recognized perhaps in Clusius’s Rariorum Plant. Hist. (1601), Fungi 
pernicial. p. celxxx. xii. f. 4; repeated in Parkinson's Theatr. (1640), 
p. 1321, and, less rigorously, as well as in a reversed position, in J. 
t 
* The entire Introduction has been translated. But the nature of this Journal s 
renders it necessary to give the remainder only in an abstract form. E. 
