302 PROF. F. O. BOWER ON APOSPORY AND ALLIED PHENOMENA. 
Vines * applied to this and similar modes of propagation the term “ aposporous,” 
which may be accepted as a useful one}. Further, the term “© apospory,” corresponding 
in form to *apogamy," may be adopted as expressing the phenomenon thus artificially 
induced in the Mosses. .It will be well more clearly:to define the use of these and other 
terms at the outset. In the following pages the term “ sporal arrest" will be applied to 
all eases where spores do not come to functional maturity; this arrest may be partial or 
complete. Occasionally this sporal arrest is the only abnormal character; but in the most 
prominent of the abnormal examples of Ferns about to be deseribed the phenomena are not 
simply those of arrest. The case is complicated by concomitant abnormalities, especially 
by a substitution of vegetative growth for the office of the spore. The vegetative growth, 
thus originating directly from the tissue of the sporophore, may at once assume the 
internal and external characters of the sporophore ; this may be termed “ sporophoric bud- 
ding," where from the sporophore a fresh sporophoric bud is directly produced. With this 
might be compared “ oophoric budding," a term which it is proposed to apply to those 
cases where from the oophore fresh individuals, showing oophoric characters, are produced 
by a vegetative process. Examples of this have been described by Cramer | in the case 
of the Fern-prothallus, and by Treub § in the prothallus of Lycopodium. But the substi- 
tutionary growths from the sporophore following sporal arrest do not always assume the 
characters of the sporophore; they may show either at once or ultimately the cha- 
racters of the oophore: to such a transition, by a direct vegetative process and 
without the assistance of spores, from the sporophore to the oophore, the term “ apospory " 
is applied. This process may be regarded as the converse of that styled ** apogamy,” 
which consists essentially in a direct transition from the oophore to the sporophore 
without the intervention of a sexual process. It is important to note, however, that 
“ sporal arrest" is not necessarily followed by any substitutionary vegetative growth ; and 
cases will be eited of both partial and complete arrest of the spores, which show neither 
* apospory " nor “ sporophoric budding " in the senses above defined ; in fact, there is in 
such cases no substitutionary vegetative development, over and above those vegetative 
processes found in normal allied plants. 
It is obvious that the most typical and prominent cases of the phenomena above defined 
this Moss the capsules were found to contain no spores, but in their place were “ решш of a kind analogous to 
those which are to be found in the cups of Marchantia. This was the case with all the capsules opened. The 
gemme were in the form of wedges or parallelograms, and multicellular, As they were not germinated, their real 
nature cannot be truly stated, but the comparison with the gemmæ of Marchantia would suggest а case of formation 
of оорһотіс бетт, in place of spores. 
* Journal of Botany, 1878, p. 355. 
+ A reference to the preliminary paper оп this subject (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxi. p. 360) will show that 
though the source of the term “ apospory " was not acknowledged, the word was not defined nor introduced as a new 
one. Compare ‘ Nature,’ vol. xxxi. рр. 151, 216. 
+“ Ueber die geschlechtlose Vermehrung des Farnprothalliums,” Denkschr. d. Schweiz. naturforsch. Gesellsch. 
Ва. xxviii. 1880. 
5 Ann. Jard. Bot. de Buitenzorg, vol. у. 1886. 
