PROF. F. О. BOWER ON APOSPORY AND ALLIED PHENOMENA. 319 
а pear-like form (pseudobulbils of Druery); corresponding small ones, but little 
advanced from the arrested sporangia, and showing no distinctly prothalloid form, may 
produce antheridia, and thus betray their true character as oophores; others may sooner 
or later bear outgrowths showing the characteristic form of prothalli, complicated, it is 
true, by irregularities of growth; but such irregularities are not uncommonly found in 
the prothalli of otherwise normal Ferns. These prothalli produce antheridia and arche- 
gonia in the normal way, and ultimately young sporophores, which have been further 
cultivated by Mr. Druery, till they show clearly a repetition of the peculiarities of 
the parent plant. In the second example of true apospory above described (viz., 
Polystichum angulare, var. pulcherrimum, Padley), the prothalloid growths are by no 
means restricted to the sporangium; there may be found at least four modifications, 
which have been above tabulated and described; in two of these the prothalli arise from 
the sorus itself, and thus they may be regarded as direct substitutionary growths since 
the sporangia and spores are arrested; but in the two other types the prothalli appear 
at points quite distinct from the sori, and even on fronds which bear no sori at all, and 
they may thus be compared, as regards their position, with those formations of adventi- 
tious sporophoric buds so often found on Fig. 1. 
the fronds of Ferns; again, comparing them FERN 
with the Mosses, it will be remembered that уе by > 
the stalk or seta of the sporogonium is Зу e 
; > 
capable of forming protonema аз well as Ше 
capsule, while it takes no part in the normal 
formation of spores. Thus in these two 
à ho № 
Ferns there is a direct transition from the Sporak one М 
sporophore to the oophore without the in- $ i 
tervention of spores, and by a simple vege- 2 ы X S 
tative budding; they are, in fact, examples f 4 S © x е 
of apospory, as above defined. 
Already, in the preliminary paper on this 
subject, the attempt has been made to de- Spore 
monstrate to the eye, by means of graphic 
diagrams, the relation of this short cut to the po : 
pila cycle of life in the normal Fern. The an- A nther idiumApehegonium 
nexed diagram, fig. 1, is intended to show this, ч жу 
perhaps more clearly than before. It brings Oophor® 
before the eye the facts that the normal cycle 
may be extended on the one hand by sporo- 
phoric budding in its various forms, on the 
{pOSPORY 
A 
eI 
Se 25. 
e % 
S 
N 
= 
Qu 
e 
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я 
3 
other by oophoric budding as in the gemmæ 2, SS 
of Mosses and Lycopods (Treub), the case of Lorie pw 
formation of gemmez on prothalli, described Normal life-cycle of a Fern (see p. 326). 
by Cramer (* Ueber die Geschlechtose Vermehrung des Farnprothalliums," Denkschr. 
d. Schweiz. naturforsch. Gesellsch. Bd. xxviii. 1880), &c. ; further, how certain stages іп 
8в2 
