LICHENES HIMALAYENSES. 251 
verulent, at length becoming exceedingly thick and then papillated ; co- 
lour that of Zndocarpon miniatum precisely, both when wet and dry ; un- 
derside black, more or less scabrid and shaggy, with very short soft black 
hairs, which at length become thick and branched, about one-tenth of 
an inch long and irregularly tufted, leaving parts of the underside bare, 
especially about the umbilicus, and then somewhat resembling a minute 
black moss clothing the under surface interruptedly. The abortive 
apothecia much resemble the fructification of Ændocarpon miniatum, 
and incline to be sunk in the thallus; those on a Swiss specimen of U. 
depressa present a precisely similar appearance. The few specimens 
in my herbarium of U. vellea, Ach., and VU. Dillenii, Tuckerm., agree 
less well with the Indian plant, than those of U. depressa do. 
40. Biatora Himalayana, Bab. ; thallo effigurato squamato crassissimo 
opaco rufo-brunneo, squamis liberis pulposis granulatis flexuosis 
albo-marginatis, subtus spongiosis pallidis sparsim fibrillosis ; apo- 
theciis squamarum centro insidentibus globosis nigris subimmargi- 
natis subconfluentibus disco intus pallido hypothecio albido, margine 
obscuro tenuissimo evanescente. 
Has. Gori River, Kumaon; on earth; alt. 4700 feet. (Coll. n. 5.) 
Allied to B. globifera and B. lurida, but very distinct. Young 
scales orbicular, appressed, margined with white, resembling the apo- 
thecia of a lichen, brown when dry, pale ferruginous when moistened, 
bearing, even in a very early state, a central apothecium. Thallus 
more or less green, darker in age and ferruginous ; scales confluent, 
very opake, pulpy, granulated and cracked ; margins free, more or less — 
distinctly edged with white; underside spongy, pale ferruginous, pass- 
ing into the colour of the still paler margin, naked or with a few minute 
fibres, Apothecia irregular, more or less globose, greenish when moist- 
ened and pellucid, scarcely margined even in a very young state; some- 
times there are traces of a very thin margin. Disc pale waxy within, 
becoming darker when moistened, placed on a thick whitish medullary 
stratum. The only ascus which presented itself was obovate pyriform, 
not very regular in shape (cf. ascus of Endocarpon Moulinsii, Mont., 
figured in Ann. des Se. t. xx. (2de sér.) fig. 16./-), enclosing eight ob- 
long sporidia, which appeared to have a septum. Paraphyses abundant, 
bearing a coloured fluid at their upper extremity. Probably the species 
spreads over the earth in large patches, but the collection contains - 
only one specimen about two inches in diameter, and a fragment. 
