974 REV. GEORGE HENSLOW ON THE 
in Violets), and lay concealed under the little knob at the top of the calyptriform corolla 
(Tab. XLIV. fig. 32a). The seeds in each capsule were innumerable. 
Lasiata.—Like the Scrophulariacee, the plants of this Order are mainly constructed 
for intercrossing, yet some small-flowered species are undoubtedly self-fertilizing, while 
a few are cleistogamous. 
Prunella vulgaris, according to Axell (quoted by Miiller), is self-fertile in the absence 
of insects. I had suspected this to be the case before I was aware of Axell's opinion, 
because of its very wide dispersion (see below, § 17, p.393). I have since repeatedly ex- 
amined it, and quite concur with the view, though Müller himself does not appear to have 
observed it. He gives a figure (Befrucht. Ze p. 318), in which the stigma is represented 
as having its lower branch between the anther-cells. I found a considerable amount of 
variation * in this respect; for while many flowers were as he has figured it, several had 
the stigmas considerably below them, and often with the posterior lobe curled upwards 
between the anther-cells, and becoming thus pollinated, as in Tab. XLIV. figs. 240, c. 
Perhaps the most interesting genus is Salvia. The stamens, as have been described 
by different observers, are levers of the “ first kind," oscillating in a vertical plane, exactly 
like Calceolaria glutinosa and other species of the section Aposecos. The details of size 
. &e. vary in different species; but the action is much the sanie in most of them f. In the 
following self-fertilizing species, however, the adaptations are completely changed. 
S. clandestina. In this species the two anther-cells, instead of having their lines of 
dehiscence looking downwards over the lip, face each other, so that the broad surfaces 
are in a vertical plane. The stigmas are greatly elongated, and curl backwards between 
the anther-cells, and thus get pollinated. Both anthers and stigmas are almost, if not 
quite, concealed within the hood. The flowers are altogether very inconspicuous as 
compared with other species (Tab. XLIV. figs. 23 a, b, c). Lastly, Sir J. D. Hooker 
informs me it is a particularly common species on the continent, which is quite in 
keeping with its being self-fertilizing. . 
Müller refers to three others species, A. Grahami, S. lanceolata, and S. hirsuta, as 
described by Hildebrand, as being also homogamous and self-fertilizing ; and the 
description given above seems much the same as for these latter. One species, S. 
cleistogama, has cleistogamous flowers, which is therefore a more advanced stage in 
degradation. ; 
Lamium. Though this genus has highly differentiated flowers adapted for insect nines 
yet "A amplexicaule has cleistogamous blossoms which appear in the early spring and 
again in autumn, in addition to the normal flowers. Here, I think, we have evidence of- 
the influence of temperature which, when reduced, strongly affects the development and 
expansion of corollas, but without influencing the sexual organs, except as m" to 
» estate? in length of filaments and styles is of common occurrence in plants, and bring about different 
methods of fertilization accordingly, some involving the necessity of intercrossing, others sélf-fertilization. _ 
t For a full description of Salvia see a paper by Dr. Ogle in the * Popular Science Review,’ July 1869. Many 
years ago I “discovered” this remarkable adaptation; and in the vain imagination that it was “ new,” called Mr. 
Darwin's attention to it. He kindly referred me to the description and figure by Sprengel, published i in 1790, of a 
Humble-bee oe inte a es flower im Salvia aad being smitten on the ! 
