SELF-FERTILIZATION OF PLANTS. 377 
although the plant may perhaps lose its beauty (from our point of view), as the one I have 
described above, yet that is of no consequence to the plant—its end being not size or 
colour, but easily acquired, rapid, and abundant propagation ; and this it does acquire by 
becoming non-dimorphic. 
Primula vulgaris. I found in spring 1877 a plant of the Common Primrose which 
bore non-dimorphic flowers, the first, I believe, known in this species, It was the 
* short-styled " form, judging by the exserted position of the stamens; but the style was 
long, so that the stigma was situated in the middle of the stamen, and self-fertilization 
was taking place, 
Lysimachia. Miller has observed that L. vulgaris has extreme forms, on the one 
hand requiring insects, and on the other habitually self-fertile and inhabiting shady 
places, and that these forms are connected by intermediate links (J. Lubbock, 7. c. 
p. 126). 
Anagallis cerulea is smaller-flowered than A. arvensis and is homogamous. The ` 
flowers are probably seldom visited by insects, and it would appear that they generally 
fertilize themselves. Müller describes the structure of this flower, and adds much the 
same remarks as I have elsewhere made—that, as the corolla closes at 3 o'clock, the petals 
bring the stamens into contact with the pistil, so that self-fertilization is secured (l. c. 
p. 349). 
Glaux maritima. In this the style is much longer than the stamens, but curves back 
so as to bring the stigma into the midst of the anthers, and is consequently self-fertile 
and seeds profusely (Tab. XLIV. fig. 35). | 
Centunculus minimus and Samolus Valerandi are both regularly self-fertilized. 
PrneuicuLacr£.—tThe larger-flowered species of Pinguicula are doubtless adapted to 
intercrossing ; but P. lusitanica is self-fertilized by the stigma being recurved into the 
anther-cells (Tab. XLIV. figs. 34a, b, c). 
IxcouPLETA.— The prevailing absence of all bright colours in this division of Dicotyle- 
donous Angiosperms is clearly correlated with the absence of the visits of insects. Ex- 
ceptions of course occur, as with the Buckwheat. If we leave out of consideration the 
many diclinous forms which are wind-fertilized, we have a residuum which, there is but 
little doubt, are self-fertilized. 
CnENoPoDIACEX.— Beta maritima. Mr. Darwin says that the Beetroot is fully self- 
fertilized when netted. ~ 
Salicornia herbacea. The stamens protrude their anthers first from the nearly closed 
orifice of the perianth, and only one at a time; then the stigmas rise two or three to 
each pistil. As there are three flowers close together in each “article,” it is very 
difficult to detect whether the individual flowers are self-fertilized, or whether the three 
flowers do not fertilize one another. ‘The branched stigmas have the ‘‘anemophilous”’ 
character. 
Salsola Kali, as examined by me, was sometimes proterogynous, the stigma being then 
quite withered before the anthers dehisce. In other cases the style at first extends 
beyond the anthers; afterwards the latter overlap the stigma and cover it with pollen, - 
so that it is probably self-fertilizing. Hence this plant seems to be sometimes protero- * - 
