= 
ky 
vo 
Fig. 9. 
Fig. 10. 
Fig. 11. 
Fig. 12. 
Fig. 13. 
Fig. 14. 
Pe 15. 
Fig. 16. 
_ SECOND SERIES,—BOTANY, VOL. I. 
SELF-FERTILIZATION OF PLANTS. 397 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XLIV. 
All the figures are more or less enlarged. 
. Globular papillose stigma of Capsella Bursa-Pastoris. This form is characteristic of self-fer- 
tilizing cruciferous plants. 
. Lobed stigma characteristic of conspicuous-flowered Cruciferz. 
. Sexual organs of Fumaria officinalis: a, stigmas, one covered with pollen as removed from the 
* anther-chamber ;” b, pollen-grain ; c, the three-sided chamber formed by the three anthers, 
the central one only being two-celled. 
. Cleistogamous bud from a strongly growing garden plant of Viola odorata: a, “ spur” from 
another bud ; 4, stamen from the same, with nectariferous appendage; c, pistil from same; 
d, mature capsule from same (nat. size). 
. Parts of a cleistogamous bud of Viola canina: a, rudimentary petals; b, stamen (N. B. no 
stamens have nectariferous appendages); c, ripening ovary, which has detached and elevated 
the stamens, the anthers of which are adherent above; d, pistil with curved style. 
. Viola tricolor, style and stigma of a small-flowered variety, var. arvensis: a, viewed from the 
front, the globular placentiferous process seen projecting from the orifice of the “head ;” 
6, section through the globular * head," showing the placentiferous process passing down the 
style, pollen-tubes are penetrating the centralline in abundance; c, pistil of another form of 
Viola tricolor with enlarged tongue-like process, which was covered with pollen-grains; d, a 
flower of V. tricolor, with the spurred petal withered but adherent to the stigma; the anthers 
are elevated as in 5 c. 
. White variety of Polygala vulgaris: a, flower with the calyx removed, the corolla completely 
wraps up the essential organs ; 4, anthersin the position of * clasping the sides of the pistil ; 
c, style and stigma with the “ spoon ”-shaped superior process; d (after Hildebrandt), the 
anthers have discharged the pollen info the “spoon,” and the stigma is recurved upon the 
pollen ; e, stigma, which has received pollen by insect agency. 
. Spergula arvensis: a, self-fertilizing unexpanded bud in January ; 4, stamens and pistil of same. 
Half-opened bud of Stellaria media. 
Stamens and pistil of Linum catharticum. 
Strongly proterandrous flower of the lemon-scented or “ oak-leafed”” Pelargonium : a, Ist stage, 
anthers mature, style aud stigmas lying beneath them, but rudimentary ; 5, 2nd stage, anthers 
fallen off, filaments deflexed, the stigmas now mature, 
Self-fertilizing pistil with stamens of pale-flowered “Scarlet Geranium,” Pelargonium zonale. 
This species is normally more or less strongly proterandrous. It becomes self-fertilizing by the 
style remaining short and the stigmatic branches curling backwards amongst the anthers, 
maturing simultaneously with them. 
Cleistogamous flower-bud of Ozalis Acetosella: a, bud with corolla just visible; K corolla 
removed ; c, pistil and stamens E situ, some anthers aborted; d, anthers removed together, 
united i filamentous processes (probably not pollen-tubes). 
Pollen-grain inserting a tube between two papilla of Oxalis eorniculata ; the papille are multi- 
cellular. xd | 
Stamens and pistil of Medicago denticulata. 
Agrimonia Eupatoria: a, flower with petals removed; 4, stamen, C" its puer 
incurved position. 
ER 
