MR. C. B. CLARKE ON THE FERNS OF NORTHERN INDIA. 477 
** Fronds once pinnate ; pinne sometimes lobed, but not again pinnate. 
t Pinne very small, obtuse. 
5. A. emp, Huds. Fl. Ang. 885.  Rhachis green; pinne 3-4 in., ovate or elliptic, on 
very short green or white petioles.—Schk. Krypt. Gew. t. 73; Engl. Bot. t. 2257; 
Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 30; Mett. Farngatt. Aspl. 139 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 144; Bedd. 
Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 64; Milde, Fil. Europ. 60; Hk. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 195. 
Kashmir, alt. 12,000-13,000 feet; Gulmurg, H. C. Levinge; Tilail, C. B. Clarke.— 
Distrib. Europe, Asia, and North America, in Arctic and Alpine temperate regions. 
Stipe often brown or blackish.— 4. Trichomanes, in India, has been frequently mis- 
taken for this plant; and I find no example of it from India in the Kew collection ; but 
Col. Beddome appears to have early received it from Kumaon. 
6. A. TRICHOMANES, Linn. Sp. Fil. 1540 a. Rhachis chestnut or black; pinnee 1-1 in., 
ovate or elliptie, subsessile, lower margin not excavated nor concave, upper margin 
not acutely auricled near the base; sori short, mostly in two rows.—Eng. Bot. 
t. 576 ; Schk. Krypt. Gew. t. 74; Wall. Cat. 193 ; Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 136; Brit. Ferns, 
t. 29; Mett. Farngatt. Aspl. 188; Milde, Fil. Europ. 63; Bedd. Ferns South. Ind. 
t: 147; Hk. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 196; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 745. 4. anceps, So- 
lander ; Hk. & Grev. Ic. t. 195. 4. minus and pusillum, Blume, Enum. Pl. Jav. Fil. 
183. A. castaneum, Schlecht.; Mett. Farngatt. Aspl. 137. A. densum, Brack. U.S. 
Explor. Ferns, t. 20. 
From Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 5000-10,000 feet ; plentiful from Chumba westward.— 
Distrib. N igherries ; Java; Japan. In all the four quarters of the world, Australia and 
Polynesia, less common in the southern hemisphere. 
Usually smaller than 4. normale, but very difficult to separate therefrom. In North 
India they are here separated geographieally: the large Kashmir form is exactly 
A. Trichomanes, var. anceps; the small Sikkim plant I call 4. normale, var. minor. Mr. 
Baker, with hesitation, agrees. 
7. A. NORMALE, Don, Prodr. Fl. N ep. 7. Rhachis chestnut or brown; pinnæ $-1 in., 
elliptic or oblong, subsessile, lower margin often concave, upper acutely auricled 
near the base; sori in two rows, or in one row, or one to each pinna.—Hk. & 
Baker, Syn. Fil 197. .4. multijugwm, Wall. Cat. 207; Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 139, 
t. 188 ; Mett. Farngatt. Aspl. 135; Bedd. Ferns South. Ind. t. 133. 4. multicaule, 
Wall. Cat. 208. ` A. opacum, Kunze; Mett, Farngatt. Aspl. 185; Hook. Sp. Fil. iii. 
t. 188. fig. B. 
From Nepaul to Bhotan ; alt. 4000-8000 feet, common. Khasia; alt. feet, 
Very common.—Distrib. Nilgherries, Ceylon, Canton. Ca 
Tf this is difficult to separate from A. Trichomanes on the one hand, it is far more 
difficult to separate from A. monanthemum, Linn., on the other. The Khasia examples 
‘have frequently monosorous pinne greatly excavated on the lower margin, and — to 
me more like the typical 4. monanthemum than the typical A. normale. The North- 
