OBSERVATIONS ON THE LANGUAGE OF CHAUCER. 
(of florins fyn) wel neygh a seven bushels, 14186. 
a twenty bookes, 296, Tyr. (the right reading). 
a twenty thousand freres, 7277, Tyr. s 
hir maistres clepeth wommen a gret route, 
and up they risen, a ten other a twelve, 10697. 
According to the same principle, 
a certein frankes, 14745 ; a certeyn yeres, 15663. 
a certeyn of conclusiouns occurs, 3193. 
a certeyn gold, 14815. 
$ 101. Genitive Casr.— a. Of Genitives em- 
ployed as adverbs we have these cases : — 
his thonkes (S. his pances), 1628, 2109. 
here thonkes (S. hira pances), 2116, iii. 186. 
his willes (S. his willes), 5854. 
needes (S. nédes), 1171, 7887, 10179, etc. 
b. The Genitive sign is not annexed to a com- 
pound phrase, as in English; thus, 
the wyves love of Bathe (= wife of Bath’s love), 9046. 
by my modres Ceres soule (— my mother Ceres's 
soule), 10139. 
Goddes sone of hevene (— God of heaven’s son), 
iii. 101. 
c. The Genitive of names of persons and titles of 
books is sometimes used as a nominative: as, Cerces, 
1946 ; Judicum, 15532; as saith us Eneydos, 16845. 
$102. Dative Casr.— a. After to be. 
wel was him, 2111. 
yow is better, ii. 938. 
the is better, ii. 345. 
wo were us, 8015. 
wo is him, 14421, 10892. 
(wo was his cook, 353.) 
me is wo bygoon, 11628. 
(wo was this womman bigoon, 5358.) 
ther is the schapen of thy wo an ende, 1394. 
or be him loth or leef, 1839. 
if that yow be so leef, 14175. 
loth were him, 488. 
loth hir was, 11903. 
him was lever have, 295. 
the were lever, ii. 339, 16955. 
him hadde lever, 3541. 
N. B. 1 al had hir lever han had, 8320. ` 
(have I lever, 11672 ; I hadde lever, 15379.) 
495 
b. After verbs of motion, as in Saxon. 
goth him, 3434, 4060, 13622; 14748. 
went hir, 4213, 9653, 13038. 
he rydeth him, 1693. ` 
stalked him, 8401. 
hy the, 13223 ? 
up styrt hir Alisoun, 3822 ? 
c. After other verbs. 
they dreden hem (as in Saxon), ii. 352. 
ne drede the nought, 12252. 
(sche) falleth him to feete, 5524. 
stele hem (from them) half a pekke, 4008. 
us thoughte (it seemed to us), 786, etc. 
$ 103. Pronouns. — Personal Pronouns. 
me, for I, once; can hem therefore as moche thank 
as me, 1810. à 
his, genitive of it; Ais officé naturel ay wol it holde, 
6726. 
but loké that it have his spokes alle, 7838. 
it am I, it am nat I, as in Saxon and German (for it 
is I, S. ic hit eom), 1462, 1738, 3764, 5529, 14625. 
he in the sense of one, indefinite, iii. 184, 186; (his 
= one's), iii. 123, 125, 126; (him), iii. 185 ; (her, 
` plural), iii. 184 ; so, himself, 7589, 
he, she, redundant, with proper names. 
he Simplicius Gallus, 6225. 
he Theodomas, 9594. 
he Jakke Straw, 16880. 
to slen him Olefernes, 5360. 
of hir Philologie and he Mercurie, 9608. 
so, 9912, 10564, 6080, 9242, 9247, 16627, etc. 
Both (as in German) follows, and does not pre- 
cede, the genitive of the personal pronoun, as Aere 
bothe lawes, 4641, etc. 
$104. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns. 
a. That is frequently used in conjunction with the 
pronoun he (in a manner resembling the German 
idioms, ich der ich, I that, Du der Du, thou that), so 
that both together express only the relative pronoun, 
as:— 
a knight ther was, and that a worthy man, 
that from the tymé that he ferst bigan 
