52 Isospondyli 



tropics and are largely salted and dried by the Chinese. Among 

 these are Ilisha elongata of the Chinese coast. Related forms 

 occur in Mexico and Brazil. 



The round herrings, small herrings which have no serrations 

 on the belly, are referred by Dr. Gill to the family of Dussu- 

 mieriida. These are mostly small tropical fishes used as food 

 or bait. One of these, the Kobini-Iwashi of Japan (Stolephorus 

 japonicus), with a very bright silver band on the side, has con- 

 siderable commercial importance. Very small herrings of this 

 type in the West Indies constitute the genus Jenkinsia, named 

 for Dr. Oliver P. Jenkins, the first to study seriously the fishes 

 of Hawaii. Other species constitute the widely distributed 

 genera Etrumeus and Dussumieria. Etrumeus sardina is the 

 round herring of the Virginia coast. Etrumeus micropus is 

 the Etrumei-Iwashi of Japan and Hawaii. 



Fossil herring are plentiful and exist in considerable variety, 

 even among the Clupeidcz as at present restricted. Histiothrissa 



FIG. 41. A fossil Herring, DiplomystushumilisLeidy. (From a specimen obtained 

 at Green River, Wyo.) The scutes along the back lost in the specimen. 

 Family Clupeidce. 



of the Cretaceous seems to be allied to Dussumieria and 

 Stolephorus. Another genus, from the Cretaceous of Palestine, 

 Pseudoberyx (syriacus, etc.), having pectinated scales, should 

 perhaps constitute a distinct subfamily, but the general struc- 

 ture is like that of the herring. More evidently herring-like 

 is Scombrochipea (macro phthalma] . The genus Diplomystus, 

 with enlarged scales along the back, is abundantly represented 

 in the Eocene shales of Green River, Wyoming. Species of 

 similar appearance, usually but wrongly referred to the same 

 genus, occur on the coasts of Peru, Chile, and New South Wales. 

 A specimen of Diplomystus humilis from Green River is here 



