128 



The Grayling and the Smelt 



same thing. They are also sometimes called icefish (Hingio), 

 which, being used for no other fish, may be adopted as a group, 

 name for Salanx. 



The species are Salanx chinensis from Canton, Salanx hyalo 

 cranius from Korea and northern China, Salanx microdon from 

 northern Japan, and Salanx ariakensis from the southern island 

 of Kiusiu. The Japanese fishes are species still smaller and 

 feebler than their relatives from the mainland. 



The Haplochitonidae. The Haplochitonida are trout - like 

 fishes of the south temperate zone, differing from the Salmonidce 

 mainly in the extension of the premaxillary until, as in the 

 perch-like fishes, it forms the outer border of the upper jaw. 

 The adipose fin is present as in all the salmon and smelt. Hap- 

 lochiton of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands is naked, 

 while in Prototroctes of Australia and New Zealand the body, 

 as in all salmon, trout, and smelt, is covered with scales. Proto- 

 troctes mar&na is the yarra herring of Australia. The closely 

 related family of Galaxiida, also Australian, but lacking the 

 adipose fin, is mentioned in a later chapter. 



FIG. 86. Icefish, Salanx hyalocranius Abbott. 

 Tientsin, China. 



Family Salangidce. 



Stomiatidae. The Stomiatida, with elongate bodies, have 

 the mouth enormous, with fang-like teeth, usually barbed. Of 



FIG. 87. Stomias ferox Reinhardt. 



Banquereau. 



According to 



the several species Stomias ferox is best known. 

 Dr. Boulenger, these fishes are true Isospondyli. 



Astronestnida is another small group of small fishes naked 

 and black, with long canines, found in the deep sea. 



The Malacosteida is a related group with extremely dis- 



