I 30 The Grayling and the Smelt 



in the deep sea are provided with luminous spots or glands 

 giving light in the abysmal depths. These spots are wanting in 

 the few shore species, as also in those which approach most nearly 

 to the Salmonidce, these being presumably the most primitive 

 of the group. In these also the post-temporal touches the back 

 of the cranium near the side. In the majority of the Iniomi 

 the adipose fin of the Salmonidce is retained. From the phos- 

 phorescent spots is derived the general name of lantern-fishes 

 applied of late years to many of the species. Most of these are 

 of recent discovery, results of the remarkable work in deep- 

 sea dredging begun by the Albatross and the Challenger. All 

 of the species are carnivorous, and some, in spite of their feeble 

 muscles, are exceedingly voracious, the mouth being armed 

 with veritable daggers and spears. 



Aulopidae. Most primitive of the Iniomi is the family of 

 Aulopida, having an adipose fin, a normal maxillary, and no 

 luminous spots. The rough firm scales suggest those of the 

 berycoid fishes. The few species of Aulopus and Chlorophthalmns 

 are found in moderate depths. Aulopus purpurissatus is the 

 "Sergeant Baker" of the Australian fishermen. 



The Lizard-fishes. The Synodontida, or lizard-fishes, have 

 lizard-like heads with very large mouth. The head is scaly, a 

 character rare among the soft-rayed fishes. The slender maxil- 



FIG. 89. Lizard-fish, Synodus fcetens L. Charleston, S. C. 



lary is grown fast to the premaxillary, and the color is not black. 

 Most of the species are shore-fishes and some are brightly colored. 

 Synodus fcetens is the common lizard-fish, or galliwasp, of our 

 Atlantic coast. Synodus varius of the Pacific is brightly 

 colored, olive-green and orange-red types of coloration exist- 

 ing at different depths. Most of the species lie close to the 

 bottom and are mottled gray like coral sand. A few occur in 



