290 



Cavallas and Pampanos 



Very close to the Pempherida is the small family of Bathy- 

 tlupeicke. These are herring-like fishes, much compressed and 



Fia. 226. Pempheris nyctereutes Jordan & Evermann. Giran, Formosa. 



with a duct to the air-bladder. There are but one or two dorsal 

 spines. The ventrals are of one spine and five rays as in perch, 

 like fishes, but placed behind the pectoral fins. This feature- 

 due to the shortening of the belly, is regarded by Alcock, the 

 discoverer, as a result of degeneration, and the family was 



FIG. 227. The Louvar, Luvarus imperialis Rafinesque. 



(After Day.) 



Family Luvaridse. 



placed by him among the herrings. The persistent air-duct 

 excludes it from the Percesoces, the normally formed ventrals 

 from the Berycoidei. If we trust the indications of the skeleton, 



