390 Chromides and Pharyngognathi 



julis and Cirrhilabrus. In Gomphosus the snout is prolonged 

 on a long slender tube. In Cheilio the whole body is elongate. 

 In Iniistius the first two dorsal spines form a separate fin, 

 the forehead being sharp as in Xyrichthys. Other widely 

 distributed genera are Anampses, Lepidaplois, Semicossyphus, 

 Duym&ria, Platyglossus, Pseudolabrus, Hologymnosus, Macro- 

 pharyngodon, Coris, Julis, Hemipteronotus, Novaculichthys, 

 Cheilinus, Hemigymnus, and Cymolutes. Halichceres is as abund- 

 ant in the East Indies as in the West, one of its species 

 Halichceres p&cilopterus being common as far north as Hako- 

 date in Japan. In this species as in a few others the sexes 

 are very different in color, although in most species no external 

 sexual differences of any sort appear. In the East Indian 

 genus, Pseudocheilinus, the eye is very greatly modified. The 

 cornea is thickened, forming two additional lens-like structures. 



The small family of Odacidce differs from the Labrida in 

 having in each jaw a sharp cutting edge without distinct teeth 

 anteriorly, the pharyngeal teeth being pavement-like. The 

 scales are small, very much smaller than in the Scaridce, the 

 body more elongate, and the structure of the teeth different. 

 The species are mostly Australian, Odax balteatus being the 

 most abundant. It is locally known as kelpfish. 



In the Siphonognathidce the teeth are much as in the Odacida, 

 but the body is very elongate, the snout produced as in the 

 cornet-fishes (Fistularid) , and the upper jaw ends in a long skinny 

 appendage. Siphonognathus argyrophanes, from Australia, reaches 

 a length of sixteen inches. 



The Parrot-fishes: Scaridae. The parrot-fishes, or Scaridcz, are 

 very similar to the Labrida in form, color, and scales, but 

 differ in the more or less complete fusion of the teeth, a char- 

 acter which varies in the different genera. 



Of these the most primitive is Calotomus, confined to the 

 East Indies and Polynesia. In this genus the teeth are united 

 at base, their tips free and imbricated over the surface of the 

 jaw. 



The species are dull in color, reddish or greenish. Caloto- 

 mus japonicus is the Budai or Igami of Japan. Calotomus 

 sandwichensis and Calotomus irradians are found in Hawaii, 

 and Calotomus xenodon on the offshore islands of Mexico. 



