ANTS AND SOME OTHER INSECTS. 27 



Thereupon I took all the artefacts in my left hand for the pur- 

 pose of carrying them away. Two or three bees followed me, hov- 

 ering about my left hand, and tried to alight on the empty artefacts. 

 The space-image had changed and only the color and form could 

 any longer be of service to the bees in their recognition of these 

 objects. 



This experiment is so clear and unequivocal that I mention it 

 here among many others. It demonstrates : 



1. The space, form, and color perceptions of the honey-bee. 

 That these are possible only through the agency of the compound 

 eyes is proved by other experiments (varnishing the eyes, extirpa- 

 tion of the antennae, mouth-parts, etc.). 



2. The memory of the honey-bee, in particular her visual and 

 gustatory memory. 



3. Her power of associating gustatory with visual memories. 



4. Her ability instinctively to draw inferences from analogy : 

 If she has once been offered honey in an artefact, she will investi- 

 gate others, even those of a different color and hitherto unnoticed. 

 These she compares by means of the visual sense, since they are 

 relatively similar, and recognises them as similar though such ob- 

 jects are most unusual in the bee's experience. 



5. Her poor olfactory sense, which is useful only at very close 

 range. 



6. The onesidedness and narrow circle of her attention. 



7. The rapid formation of habits. 



8. The limits of imitation of bees by one another. 



Of course, I should not allow myself to draw these conclusions 

 from a single experiment, if they had not been confirmed by in- 

 numerable observations by the ablest investigators in this field. 

 Lubbock showed clearly that it is necessary to train a bee for some 

 time to go to a particular color if one wishes to compel her to pay 

 no attention to other colors. This is the only way in which it is 

 possible to demonstrate her ability to distinguish colors. My bees, 

 on the contrary, had been trained on differently colored objects 

 (Dahlias and artefacts) and therefore paid no attention to differ- 

 ences in color. It would be a fallacy to conclude from this that 



