APPENDIX. 279 



and Norway under the title of Charles XIV. He was the son of a 

 lawyer. 



BERNARD, SAINT (1091-1153), a French ecclesiastic. He was 

 the third of seven children of Tescelin, a Knight of the house of 

 Chatillon, and Aleth, daughter of Count Bernard. 



BERNOULLI, a celebrated family of Swiss mathematicians and 

 savants. The most eminent member of the family was John Bernoulli 

 (1667-1748), who is ranked with Newton and Leibnitz, and who was 

 born 44 years after his brother Nicholas. See also page 182. 



BERRYER, ANTOINE PIERRE (1790-1868) [33], a French 

 advocate and statesman, son of Pierre Nicolas Berryer (1757-1841), 

 an eminent lawyer. 



BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS (1748-1822), a French 

 chemist. 



BERZELIUS, JOHAN JAKOB (1779-1848), a Swedish chemist, 

 son of a government schoolmaster. 



BESSEMER, SIR HENRY (1813), an English engineer, in- 

 ventor of the Bessemer process of making steel. 



BISMARCK-SCHONHAUSEN, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD 

 VON (1815 ) [44], a German statesman and principal factor in the 

 establishment of the German Empire. He was the youngest surviving 

 son of Karl W. F. von Bismarck (1771 ), who was the fourth son of 

 Karl Alexander von Bismarck, who was second son of August Fried- 

 rich von Bismarck. 



BLACKSTONE, SIR WILLIAM (1723-1780), an English law- 

 yer whose writings on the common law are still standard in all 

 English-speaking countries. He was the fourth and posthumous son 

 of a silk mercer, who was third son of an eminent apothecary. His 

 mother died before he was 12 years old, leaving him to the care of 

 his uncle, a London surgeon. 



BLAINVILLE, HENRI MARIE DUCROTAY DE (1777-1850), 

 a French naturalist. He was an orphan at an early age. 



BLUCHER, GEBHARD LEBERECHT VON (1742-1819), a 

 Prussian field marshal. 



