38 CROWFOOT FAMILY. 



root-leaves lobed or cut; akenes in an oblong or cylindrical head. In water 

 or very wet places. 



R. recurvatUS, HOOK-STYLED C. Hairy, l-2 high ; leaves all 3-cleft 

 and long-petioled, with broad wedge-shaped 2*-3-lobed divisions; akenes in a 

 globular head, with long recurved styles. Woods. 



R. Pennsylvanicus, BRISTLY C. Bristly hairy, coarse and stout, 2- 

 3 high ; leaves all 3-divided ; the divisions stalked, again 3-cleft, sharply cut 

 and toothed ; akenes in an oblong head, tipped with a short straight style. 

 Along streams. 



*---<- BUTTERCUPS OR COMMON CROWFOOTS, with bright yellow corolla, 

 about 1 ' in diameter, much larger than the calyx ; leares all once and often twice 

 3 - 5-divided or cleft, usually hairy ; head of akenes globular. 

 ++ Natives of the country, low or spreading. 



R. fascicularis, EARLY B. Low, about 6' high, without runners, on 

 rocky hills in early spring ; root-leaves much divided, somewhat pinnate ; petals 

 rather narrow and distant ; akenes scarcely edged, slender-beaked. 



R r&pens, CREEPING B. Everywhere common in very wet or moist 

 places, flowering in spring and summer ; immensely variable ; stem soon as- 

 cending, sending out some prostrate stems or runners in summer; leaves more 

 coarsely divided and cleft than those of the last ; petals obovate ; akenes sharp- 

 edged and stout-beaked. 



f* *+ Introduced weeds from Europe, common in fields, frc., especially E. : stem 

 erect: leaves much cut. 



R. bulbdsus, BULBOUS B. Stem about 1 high from a solid bulbous 

 base nearly as large as a hickory nut ; calyx reflexed when the very bright yel- 

 low and showy large corolla expands, in late spring. 



R. acris, TALL B. Stem 2 -3 high, no bulbous base; calyx only 

 spreading when the lighter yellow corolla expands, in summer. Commoner 

 than the last, except E. A full double-flowered variety is cult, in gardens, 

 forming golden-yellow balls or buttons. 



-- -i- t- -i- GARDEN RANUNCULUSES. Besides the double variety of the last, 

 the choice Double Ranunculuses of the florist come from the two following. 



R. Asiaticus, of the Levant ; with 3-parted leaves and flowers nearly 2' 

 broad, resembling Anemonies, yellow, or of various colors. Not hardy N. 



R. aconitif61i.US, of Eu., taller, smooth, with 5-parted leaves, and smaller 

 white flowers, the full double called FAIR MAIDS OF FRANCE. 

 * # Akenes striate or ribbed down the sides. 



R. Cymbalaria, SEA-SIDE CROWFOOT. A little plant, of sandy shores 

 of the sea and Great Lakes, &c., smooth, with naked flowering stems 2' -'6' high, 

 and long runners ; leaves rounded and kidney -shaped, coarsely cren ate; flowers 

 small, in summer. 



8. ZANTHORHIZA, SHRUB. YELLOW-ROOT. (Name composed 

 of the two Greek words for yellow and root.) Only one species, 



Z. apiif61ia. A shrubby plant, l-2 high, with deep yellow wood and 

 roots (used by the Indians for dyeing), pinnate leaves of about 5 cut-toothed or 

 lobed leaflets, and drooping compound racemes of small dark or dull-purple 

 flowers, in early spring, followed by little 1 -seeded pods : grows in damp, shady 

 places along the Alleghanies. 



9. HYDRASTIS, ORANGE-ROOT, YELLOW PUCCOON. (Name 

 from the Greek, probably meaning that the root or juice of the plant is dras- 

 tic.) y. A single species, 



H. CanaddnsiS. Low, sending up in early spring a rounded 5 - 7-lobed 

 root-leaf, and a stem near 1 high, bearing one or two alternate smaller leaves 

 above, just below the single small flower. The 3 greenish sepals fall from the 

 bud, leaving the many white stamens and little head of pistils ; the latter grow 

 pulpy and produce a crimson fruit resembling a raspberry. Rich woods, from 

 New York, W. & S. 



