52 MUSTARD FAMILY. 



12. DENTARIA. Pods, &c. as in the preceding. Seed-stalks broad and flat. 



Stem 2-3-leaved in the middle, naked below, springing from a horizontal 

 scaly-toothed or irregular fleshy rootstock. 



13. LUNARIA. Pods oval or oblong, large and very flat, stalked above the calyx. 



Seeds winged, 2-row^d in each cell. Flowers pretty large, purple. 



14. DRABA. Pods round-oval, oblong or linear, flat. Seeds wingless, 2-rowed in 



each cell. Flowers small, white in the common species. 

 M- -* t-t- -M- Pod short, flatfish parallel to the broad partition. Flowers yellow, small. 



15. CAMELINA. Pods turgid, obovate or pear-shaped. 



++ ++ .n. ++ ++ Pod short, very much flattened contrary to the narrow partition ; the 

 valves therefore deeply boat-shaped. Flowers white, small. 



16. CAPSELLA. Pods obovate-triangular, or triangular with a notch at the top. 

 * # Seeds or the ovules single, or sometimes 2 in each cell. Pods short and flat. 



*- Corolla iii'egular, the petals being very unequal. 



17. IBERIS. Flowers in short and flat-topped clusters, white or purple ; the two 



petals on the outer side of the flower much larger than the others. Pods 

 scale-shaped, roundish or ovate, much flattened contrary to the very narrow 

 partition, notched at the wing-margined top. 



-*- *- Corolla regular, small. 



18. LEPIDIUM. Pods scale-shaped, much flattened contrary to the very na7*row 



partition, often notched or wing-margined at the top. Flowers white. 



19. ALYSSUM. Pods roundish, flattened parallel to the broad partition. Seeds 



flat, commonly wing-margined. Flowers yellow or white. 



2. Fruit indehiscent, winy-like, 1-seeded. 



20. ISATIS. Flowers yellow. Fruit 1-ceiled, 1-seeded, resembling a small samara 



or ash-fruit. 

 3. Fruit fleshy, or when ripe and dry corky, not opening by valves, 2 -many-seeded. 



21. CAKILE. Fruit jointed in the middle ; the two short joints 1-celled, 1-seeded. 



Seed oblong. 



22. RAPHANUS. Fruit several-seeded, with cellular matter or Nrith constrictions 



between the spherical seeds. 



1. BBASSICA, CABBAGE, MUSTARD, &c. ( Ancient Latin name of 

 Cabbage. Botanically the Mustards rank in the same genus.) @ Cult, 

 from En., or run wild as weeds ; known by their yellow flowers, beak-pointed 

 pods, and globose seeds, the cotyledons wrapped round the radicle. 



B. oleracea, CABBAGE. The original is a sea-coast plant of Europe, with 

 thick and hard stem, and pretty large pale yelloAV flowers ; the leaves very gla- 

 brous and glaucous ; upper ones entire, clasping the stem, not auricled at the 

 base : cult, as a biennial, the rounded, thick, and fleshy, strongly veined leaves 

 collect into a head the first year upon the summit of a short and stout stem. 



Var. BROCCOLI is a state in which the stem divides into short fleshy branches, 

 bearing clusters of abortive flower-buds. Var. CAULIFLOWER has the nour- 

 ishing matter mainly concentrated in short imperfect flower-branches, collected 

 into a flat head. Var. KOHLRABI has the nourishing matter accumulated in 

 the stem, which forms a turnip-like enlargement above ground, beneath the 

 cluster of leaves. KALE is more nearly the natural state of the species, the 

 fleshy leaves not forming a head. 



"B. campestris, of the Old World ; like the last, but with brighter flowers ; 

 the lower leaves pinnatifid or divided and rough with stiff hairs, and the upper 

 auricled at the base, is represented in cultivation by the Var. COLZA or RAPE, 

 with small annual root, cult, for the oil of the seed. Var. TURNIP (B. NAPUS) ; 

 cult, as a biennial, for the nourishment accumulated in the napiform white root. 



Var. RUTABAGA or SWEDISH TURNIP, has a longer and yellowish root. 



B. Sinipastrum, or Sinapis arvensis, CHARLOCK. A troublesome 

 weed of cultivation in grainfields, annual, with the somewhat rough leaves barely 

 toothed or little lobed, and nearly smooth pods spreading in a loose raceme, the 

 seed-bearing part longer than the conical (usually empty) beak. 



B. (or Sinapis) alba, WHITE MUSTARD. Cult, and in waste places, an- 

 nual ; the leaves all pinnatifid and rough-hairy ; pods spreading in the raceme, 



