128 ROSE FAMILY. 



15. CRAT^GUS, HAWTHORN, WHITE THORN. (Old Greek 

 name.) Small trees or shrubs, with hard wood; flowers white, except in 

 some varieties of English Hawthorn, in spring or early summer ; ripening the 

 red or reddish fruit mostly in autumn. 



1 . Flowers many in the corymb, small, ivith 5 styles ; fruit not larger than small 

 peas, scarlet or coral-red : leaves, Sfc., smooth or nearly so. 



C. Pyracantha, EVERGREEN THORN. Planted for ornament and spar- 

 ingly nat. from S. Penn. S. (from S. Europe) : shrub 4 -6, with the shining 

 evergreen leaves lance-spatulate and crenulate, only 1' long, and small clusters 

 of flowers terminating short branches. 



C. spathulata. Tall shrub or low tree, from Virginia S., with almost 

 evergreen shining spatulate leaves, crcnate towards the apex, or on vigorous 

 shoots cut-lobed, and with hardly any petiole. 



C. cordata, WASHINGTON T. Small tree, from Virg. and Kentucky S., 

 and has been planted for hedges ; has broadly triangular-ovate or heart-shaped 

 thinnish leaves, often 3 - 5-cleft or cut and serrate, on slender petiole. 



2. Flowers many in the corymb, middle-sized : fruit coral-red, ovoid, rather small. 



C. arbordscens. River-banks far S. : tree with few stout thorns or none, 

 thin oblong serrate leaves acute at both ends, on slender petioles ; styles 5. 



C. Oxyacantha, ENGLISH HAWTHORN. Planted from Eu. for orna- 

 ment and hedges ; tree or shrub with obovate smooth leaves wedge-shaped at 

 base, cut-lobed and toothed above ; styles 2 or 3, rarely only 1. With single or 

 double, white, rose, or pink-red flowers. 



C. apiifdlia, PARSLEY-LEAVED T. Common S. Small tree soft-downy 

 when young ; the leaves smoothish with age, pinnatifid, the 5-7 lobes crowded, 

 cut and toothed ; petioles slender ; styles 1-3. 



3. Flowers many in the corymb, large ; the calyx-teeth with the bracts and 

 stipules often beset with glands : fruit edible, naif an inch or more long, its 

 cells or stones and the styles variable in number, 15. All tall shrubs or 

 low trees, of thickets and rocky banks, or planted. 



C. COCCinea, SCARLET-FRUITED T. Smooth, with the leaves thin, round- 

 ish-ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed, on slender petioles, the coral or scarlet 

 fruit much smaller than in the next and hardly eatable. 



C. tomentbsa, PEAR or BLACK T. Downy or soft-hairy when young ; 

 the leaves thickish, oval, ovate, or obovate, sharply toothed or cut, below ab- 

 ruptly narrowed into a margined petiole, the upper surface impressed along the 

 main veins or ribs ; flowers often 1' broad, and scarlet or orange fruit from two 

 thirds to three fourths of an inch long, pleasant- tasted. Of many varieties : the 

 two which differ most from the common one with the well-flavored fruit are : 

 Var. PUNCTATA, with smaller and wedgc-obovate leaves irregularly toothed 

 towards the summit, and dull red and yellowish fruit, sometimes white-dotted. 

 Var. MOLLIS, of the Western States, with rounded soft-downy leaves, not taper- 

 ing but sometimes even heart-shaped at base, sharply doubly toothed and cut ; 

 fruit dull red and less pleasant-tasted. 



C. Crus-galli, COCKSPUR T,. Smooth ; the wedge-obovate or oblanceo- 

 late leaves thick and firm, deep-green and glossy, serrate above the middle, ta- 

 pering into a very short petiole ; thorns very long and sharp ; fruit bright red. 

 The best species for hedges : has both narrow and broad-leaved varieties. 



4. Flowers solitary, in pairs, or only 3-6 in the corymb ; styles, and cells, 

 4 - 5 : leaves mostly pubescent underneath : fruit often eatable. 



C. SBStivalis, SUMMER HAW of S. States. Along pine-barren ponds, 

 from S. Car. S. & W. : tree with spatulate or wedge-obovate coriaceous leaves, 

 crenate above the middle, no glands, 3 - 5-flowered peduncles, and large red 

 juicy fruit, pleasantly acid, used for tarts, &c. : ripe in summer. 



C. flava, YELLOW or SUMMER HAW. Sandy soil, from Virginia S. : 

 small tree, with wedge-obovate leaves downy or smoothish, toothed or cut above 

 the middle, the teetn or margins ana snort pet*oie glandular ; the pear-shaped 

 or globular fruit yellowish, greenish, or tinged with red. 



