130 CALYCANTHUS FAMILY. 



P. spectabilis, CHINESE FLOWERING-A. Cult from China, for its 

 showy bright rose-colored flowers, which are double or semi-double ; the leaves 

 &c. smooth, except when very young. 



P. prunif61ia, SIBERIAN CRAB-A. Cult, for the fruit : smooth or 

 nearly so, except the newly developed leaves and the peduncles ; styles woolly 

 at the base ; fruit yellowish. The better Crab-Apples are perhaps crosses of 

 this with the Common Apple. 



* * Wild species, with some of the leaves irregularly cut-toothed, or even lobed : 

 the bright rose-colored flowers and the greenish fruit very fragrant. 



P. COronaria, AMERICAN or GARLAND CRAB-A. Glades from W. New 

 York W. & S. : small tree, soon smooth, with the mostly ovate leaves rounded 

 or obscurely heart-shaped at base and inclined to be 3-lobed. 



P. angUStifdlia, NARROW-LEAVED CRAB-A. Glades W. & S., with 

 narrow-oblong or lanceolate leaves : otherwise too like the last. 



3. CHOKEBERRY. Leaves simple, t/ie upper face with some small glands along 

 the midrib : flowers (white) in compound cymes terminating the branches: 

 styles united at base : fruit berry-like. 



P. arbutifblia, COMMON CHOKEBERRY. Low woods and bogs ; shrub 

 with small obovate or oblong finely serrate leaves, and a juicy insipid berry, not 

 larger than a pea, cither purple or black, pear-shaped or globular. 



4. ROWAN-TREE or MOUNTAIN- ASH. Leaves odd-pinnate, of several 

 (9-17) leaflets : flowers (numerous and white) in ample compound flat 

 cymes terminating the branches of the season : fruit b?rry-lik<>, scarlet-red 

 when ripe. Trees often planted for ornament, especially for the clusters of 

 showy fruit in autumn. 



P. Americana, AMERICAN MOUNTAIN-ASH. Slender tree or tall shrub, 

 wild in the cooler districts ; smooth or soon becoming so, with lanceolate 

 taper-pointed and sharply serrate bright-green leaflets on a reddish stalk, pointed 

 and smooth glutinous leaf-buds, and berries not larger than peas. 



P. sambucif61ia, ELDER-LEAVED R. or M. Wild along the northern 

 frontiers ; smooth or nearly so, with oblong or lance-ovate and blunt or ab- 

 ruptly short-pointed leaflets, coarsely sen-ate with more spreading teeth, spar- 

 ingly hairy leaf-buds, and larger berries. 



P. aucuparia, EUROPEAN R. or M. Planted from Eu. ; forms a good- 

 sized tree, with oblong and obtuse paler leaflets, their lower surface, stalks, and 

 the leaf-buds downy; and the berries larger (^' in diameter). 



20. CYDONIA, QUINCE. (Named from a city in Crete.) 



C. Vlllgaris, COMMON QUINCE. Cult, from the Levant ; small tree, 

 nearly thornless, with oval or ovate entire leaves (Lessons, p. 55, fig. 83) cot- 

 tony beneath ; flowers solitary at the end of the leafy branches of the season, in 

 late spring, with leafy calyx-lobes, white or pale-rose petals, and stamens in a 

 single row ; the large and hard fruit pear-shaped, or in one variety apple-shaped, 

 fragrant ; seeds mucilaginous. 



C. Jap6nica, JAPAN QUINCE (also named PYRUS JAPONICA). Thorny, 

 smooth, widely branched shrub, from Japan ; cult, for the large showy flowers, 

 which are produced in spring, earlier than the oval or wedge-oblong leaves, on 

 side spurs, in great abundance, single or more or less double, scarlet-red, or 

 sometimes with rose-colored or even almost white varieties ; calyx with short 

 and rounded lobes ; fruit green, very hard, resembling a small apple, but totally 

 uneatable. 



39. CALYCANTHACRaE, CALYCANTHUS FAMILY. 



Shrubs with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, sepals and petals 

 imbricated and indefinite in number and passing one into the other, 

 stamens few or many with anthers turned outwards, all these parts 

 on a hollow receptacle or calyx-cup in the manner of a rose-hip, 



