194 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



S. aiireus, GOLDEN RAGWORT or SQUAW-WEED. Cottony when young, 

 becoming smooth with age, sometimes quite smooth when young, with simple 

 stems l-3 high, root-leaves simple and in different varieties either round, 

 obovate, heart-shaped, oblong, or spatulate, crenate or cut-toothed, on slender 

 petioles, lower stem-leaves lyrate, upper ones sessile or clasping and cut-pin- 

 natifid ; corymb umbel-like ; rays 8-12. 1J. 



2. Exotic species, cultivated for ornament from the Old World. 



* EMILIA, or CACALIA, of the older Iwtanists, with no rays, but many orange- 



red disk-flowers in a very simple cup-like involucre : akenes with 5 acute 



and hispid-ciliate angles. 



S. sonchifolia, TASSEL-FLOWER : cult, as a summer annual, from India, 

 very smooth or a little bristly, pale or glaucous, l-2 high, with root-leaves 

 obovate and petioled, stem-leaves sagittate and partly clasping, and rather showy 

 heads in a naked corymb, in summer. 



* # Heads with no rays and only 6 12 disk-flowers, small, yellow: stem extensiveiy 



climbing, more or less twining. 



S. scandens, cult, as house plant under the name of GERMAN IVY, but is 

 from Cape of Good Hope, and resembles Ivy only in the leaves, which are 

 round-heart-shaped or angled and with 3-7 pointed lobes, soft and tender in 

 texture, and very smooth : the flowers seldom produced. 11 



* * * CINERARIA. Heads with rays and numerous disk-flowers : not climbers. 



< Flowers all yellow. 11 



S. Cineraria, or CINERARIA MARfriMA, of Mediterranean coast, an old- 

 fashioned house-plant, ash-white all over (whence the name Cineraria and the 

 popular one of DUSTY MILLER) with a woolly coating ; the branching stems 

 somewhat woody at base ; leaves pinnately parted and the divisions mostly 

 sinuate-lobed ; the small heads in a dense corymb. 



S. Kaempferi, of Japan and China, is most probably the original of the 

 FARFtJGiUM GRANDE, lately introduced into the gardens, where it hardly ever 

 flowers : it is cultivated for the foliage, the thick and smooth rounded and angled 

 rather kidney-shaped root-leaves blotched with white ; some of the flowers more 

 or less 2-lipped. 11 



*- *- Ray-flowers purple, violet, blue, or varying to white, those of the disk of 

 similar colors or sometimes yellow. 



S. Heretidri, or CINERARIA LANATA, from Teneriflfe, with woody base 

 to the stem, rounded heart-shaped 5 - 7-lobcd leaves on slender petioles, very 

 white-cottony beneath but soon smooth and green above, and peduncle bearing 

 solitary rather large head of purple flowers, is a less common house-plant than 

 the next. 11 



S. crudntUS, the COMMON CINERARIA of the greenhouses, from Tene- 

 riflfe, is herbaceous, smoothish, with the heart-shaped and angled more or less 

 cut-toothed leaves green above and usually crimson or purple underneath, the 

 lower with wing-margined petioles dilated into clasping auricles at the base ; 

 heads numerous in a flat corymb, the handsome flowers purple, crimson, blue, 

 white, &c. 11 m 



S. 61egansi"PuRpLE RAGWORT, from Cape of Good Hope, a smooth herb, 

 with deeply pinnatifid leaves, the lower petioled, the upper with half clasping 

 base, the lobes oblong and often sinuate-toothed ; heads corymbed, with yellow 

 or purple disk-flowers and purple or rarely white rays. And a full-double 

 variety, having the disk-flowers turned into rays. 11 



31. ARNICA. (Old name, thought to be a corruption of Ptarmica.} The 

 common European species is used in medicine. The following probably has 

 similar properties. If, 



A. nudicatllis, so called for the naked stem, which bears only 1 or 2 pairs 

 of small leaves, although l-3 high, the main leaves being clustered at the 

 root, thickish, sessile, ovate or oblong, 3 - 5-nerved, mostly entire, hairy ; heads 

 several, loosely corymbed, pretty large and showy, in spring. Low pine-barrens 

 from S. Penn. S. 



