208 LOBELIA FAMILY. 



lengthens and elevates the pappus ; then the involucre is reflexed, the pappus 

 spreads, and with the fruit is blown away by the wind. 



73. LACTUCA, LETTUCE. (Ancient Latin name, from the milky juice.) 

 L. sativa, GARDEN LETTUCE. Cultivated from Europe, the broad and 



tender root-leaves used for salad ; stem-leaves heart-shaped* and clasping ; 

 flowers yellow. 



Ii. Canad6nsis, WILD LETTUCE. Open grounds, 3 -9 high, with 

 lanceolate or oblong leaves often pinnatifid, sometimes entire ; flowers pale 

 yellow, sometimes purple or reddish. (2) 



74. MULGEDIUM, FALSE or BLUE LETTUCE. (Name from 

 Latin mulgeo, to milk.) Fl. summer, in thicket-borders, &c. 



M. acuminatum, from New York to 111. & S. ; 3 - 6 high, with ovate 

 or lance-ovate barely serrate leaves on winged petioles, blue flowers, and bright 

 white pappus. 



M. Ploridanum, from Penn. W. & S. ; like the first, but with all the 

 leaves or the lower ones lyratc or runcinate, uppermost partly clasping. 



M. leucophaeum, 'in low grounds : resembles Wild Lettuce, and with 

 equally variable lanceolate or oblong often irregularly pinnatifid leaves, very 

 compound panicle of pale blue or bluish-white flowers, and tawny pappus. 



75. SONCHUS, SOW-THISTLE. (Ancient Greek name.) Coarse 

 weeds, with soft-spiny-toothed runcinate-pinnatifid leaves : nat. from Eu. : 

 fl. summer. 



S. oleraoeus, COMMON S. ; in manured soil and damp waste places ; 1 - 

 5 high, acute auricles to the clasping base of the leaves, pale yellow flowers, 

 and akenes wrinkled transversely. 



S. asper, like the last, but the leaves less divided and more spiny-toothed, 

 the auricles of their clasping base rounded, and akenes smooth with 3 nerves on 

 each side. (T) 



S. arv^nsis, FIELD S. Less common E. ; 1 - 2 high from creeping 

 root-stocks, with larger heads of bright yellow flowers, and bristly peduncles 

 and involucre. 2/ 



62. LOBELIACE^l, LOBELIA FAMILY. 



Plants with milky acrid juice, alternate simple leaves, and scat- 

 tered racemed or panieled flowers ; the calyx-tube adherent to the 

 many-seeded ovary and pod ; the corolla irregularly 5-lobed and 

 mostly split down as it were on the upper side ; the 5 stamens 

 united into a tube commonly by their filaments and always by their 

 anthers ; style only one. 



Downingia 61egans, under the older name of CLINT&NIA ELEGANS, and 

 D. pulchella, formerly CLINT6NIA PULCHELLA, are delicate little annu- 

 als from California, sparingly cultivated. They resemble small Lobelias, with 

 very bright blue flowers, but are known by the very long and slender 1 -celled 

 pod, and short tube of corolla not much split down. The first has the 2 narrow 

 lobes approaching each other opposite the 3-lobed lip which has a whitish centre. 

 The second has a larger corolla, with centre of the 3-lobed lip vellow and white, 

 and the 2 other lobes widely diverging. The other common plants of the 

 order belong to 



1. LOBELIA (named after the herbalist Z>e VOltd or Lobel). Tube of the 

 calyx and 2-celled pod short. Corolla split down on one side, the 5 lobes 

 more or less irregular or unequal. Two or all 5 anthers bearded at top. 



