58 VIOLET FAMILY. 



5 petals, and 5 stamens ; the claws of the petals sometimes slightly united : 



ovary one-celled with three parietal placentae, a single style and stigma. 



Fruit a globular woody pod, many-seeded. 



P. Tobira, COMMON P. A low tree, cultivated as a house-plant (from 

 Japan), with obovate and retuse evergreen leaves crowded at the end of 

 the branches, which are terminated by a small sessile umbel of white fragrant 

 Bowers, produced in winter. 



14. VIOLACE-SI, VIOLET FAMILY. 



Commonly known only by the principal genus of the order, viz. 



1. VIOLA, VIOLET. (Ancient Latin name.) Sepals 5, persistent. Pet- 

 als 5, more or less unequal, the lower one with a sac or spur at the base. 

 (Lessons, p. 91, fig! 181, 182.) Stamens 5, short: the very broad flat fila- 

 ments conniving and slightly cohering around the pistil, which they cover, 

 all but the end of the style and the (usually one-sided) stigma, bearing the 

 anthers on their inner face, two of these spurred at the base. Ovary and pod 

 1 -celled, with 3 parietal placentae, containing several rather large seeds. 

 Herbs, with stipules to the alternate leaves, and 1 -flowered peduncles. 

 # STEMLESS VIOLETS, with leaves and peduncles all from creeping or sub- 

 terranean rootstocks, there being no proper ascending stems : all flowering in 

 spring, also producing inconspicuous flowers and most of the fruitful pods, 

 all summer, concealed among the leaves. 



*- Garden species, from Europe : fragrant. 



V. Odorata, SWEET VIOLET. Cult, from Eu., the tufts spreading by 

 creeping runners ; leaves rounded heart-shaped, more or less downy ; flowers 

 purple-blue (violet-color) varying to bluish and white, single or in cultivation 

 commonly full double. Hardy ; while the ITALIAN VIOLET, the variety used 

 for winter-blooming, with leaves smoother and brighter green and flowers paler 

 or grayish-blue, is tender northward. 



*- *- Wild species : slightly sweet-scented or scentless. 



*+ Flowers blue or violet-color. 



V. Selkirkii, SELKIRK'S V. Small, only 2' high, the rounded heart- 

 shaped leaves spreading flat on the ground ; the flower large in proportion, its 

 thick spur nearly as long as the beardless petals : on shady banks, only N. 



V. sagittata, ARROW-LEAVED V. One of the commonest and earliest ; 

 leaves varying from oblong-heart-shaped to ovate and often rather halberd- 

 shaped, the earlier ones on short and margined petioles ; flower large in propor- 

 tion ; spur short and sac-shaped, as in all the following. 



V. CUCUllata, COMMON BLUE V. The tallest and commonest of the 

 blue violets, in all low grounds, with matted fleshy and scaly-toothed rootstocks, 

 erect and heart-shaped or kidney-shaped obscurely serrate leaves, with the sides 

 at the base rolled in when young, on long petioles ; flowers sometimes pale or 

 variegated with white. 



V. palmata, HAND-LEAF V., is a variety of the last, with the leaves, or 

 all the later ones, 3 - 7-cleft or parted ; common southward. 



V. pedata, BIRD-FOOT V. Grows in sandy or light soil, from a short and 

 thick or tuber-like rootstock ; the leaves all cut into linear divisions or lobes ; 

 the flower large, beardless, usually light violet-color : sometimes the two upper 

 petals deep dark violet, like a pansy. 



V. delphinif61ia, LARKSPUR-LEAVED V., takes the place of the preced- 

 ing in prairies, c. W. and is like it, but has the lateral petals bearded. 



-* +* Flowers (small) white, the lower petal purplish-veined. 

 V. blanda, SWEET WHITE V. Very common, with faintly sweet-scented 

 flowers, all the petals beardless ; leaves rounded heart-shaped or kidney-shaped. 

 V. primulaef61ia, PRIMROSE-LEAVED V. Common S., between the last 

 and next, has oblong or ovate leaves. 



V. lanceolata, LANCE-LEAVED V. Commonest S., has lanceolate leaves 

 tapering into long petioles, and beardless petals. 



