PARSLEY FAMILY. 165 



7. CONIUM, POISON HEMLOCK. (Greek name of the Hemlock by 

 which criminals and philosophers were put to death at Athens.) 



C. maculatum, SPOTTED H. Waste grounds, run wild, from Eu. : 

 a smooth, branching herb, with spotted stems about 3 high, very compound 

 leaves with lanceolate and pinnatifid leaflets, ill-scented when bruised : a virulent 

 poison, used in medicine : fl. summer. 



8. CICUTA, WATER-HEMLOCK. (Ancient Latin name of the true 

 Hemlock, transferred to some equally poisonous plants.) Fl. summer. ^ 

 C. maculata, SPOTTED COWBAXE, MUSQUASH-ROOT, BEAVER-POISON, 



&c. Tall smooth stem sometimes streaked with purple, but seldom really 

 spotted ; leaflets lance-oblong, coai-sely toothed or sometimes cut-lobed, veiny, 

 the main veins mostly running into the notches ; fruit aromatic when bruised ; 

 root a deadly poison. 



9. SIUM, WATER-PARSNIP! (Old name, of obscure meaning.) ^ 

 S. lineare, the common species, in water and wet places : tall, smooth, 



with grooved-angled stems, simply pinnate leaves, the long leaflets linear or 

 lanceolate, very sharply serrate and taper-pointed, and globular fruit with 

 wing-like corky ribs : fl. all summer. Root and herbage also poisonous. 



10. APIUM, CELERY, &c. (Old Latin name.) One species cult.: viz. 

 A. graveolens. A strong-scented, acrid, if not poisonous plant, of the 



coast of Europe; of which the var. DULCE, GARDEN CELERY, is a state rendered 

 bland and the base of the leafstalks enlarged, succulent and edible when 

 blanched, through long cultivation; leaves pinnately divided into 3-7 coarse 

 and wedge-shaped cut or lobed leaflets or divisions ; umbels and fruits small. 

 Var. RAPACEUM, TURNIP-ROOTED CELERY, is a state with the root enlarged 

 and eatable. 



11. CARUM, CARAWAY, &c. ( Name perhaps from the country, Caria.) 

 1. TRUE CARAWAY, with finely pinnately compound leaves, and white flowers. 

 C. Carui, GARDEN CARAWAY : cult, from Eu., for the caraway-seed, the 



oblong highly aromatic fruit ; stem-leaves with slender but short thread-shaped 

 divisions. 



2. PARSLEY or PETROSELINUM, irith coarser leaves and greenish flowers. 

 C. Petroselinum (or PETROSELINUM SATIVUM), PARSLEY: cult, from 

 Eu., especially the curled-leaved state, for the pleasant-flavored foliage, used in 

 cookery, chiefly the root-leaves, which have ovate and wedge-shaped 3-lobed and 

 cut-toothed divisions ; fruit ovate. 



12. FCENICULUM, FENNEL. (Name from the Latin fomnm, hay.) 

 P. vulgare, COMMON F. Cult, from Eu., for the sweet-aromatic foliage 



and fruit : stout very smooth herb 4 - 6 high ; leaves with very numerous 

 and slender thread-shaped divisions ; large umbel with no involucre or involu- 

 cels ; fruit ' or J' long, in late summer. 11 



13. LEVISTICUM, LOVAGE. (Ancient Latin name.) One species. 

 L. officinale, GARDEN L. Cult, in old gardens, from Eu. : a tall, very 



smooth, sweet aromatic herb, with large ternately or pinnately decompound 

 leaves, coarse wedge-oblong and cut or lobed leaflets, a thick root, and small 

 many-flowered umbels. 2/ 



14. ARCHANGELICA. (Genus established -on a species of Angelica.) 

 Fl. summer. ^/ 



A. atropurptirea, GREAT A. Moist deep soil N. : strong-scented, 

 smooth, with very stout dark-purple stem 3 6 high, large leaves ternatclv 

 compound, and the divisions with 5 7 pinnate leaflets, which are ovate and 



