182 COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



b. Branches of the style long and slender or mostly rather club-shaped, smooth or 

 very minutely puberulent under a lens. 



21. LIATRIS. Heads of several or many rose-purple flowers, surrounded by a 



more or less imbricated involucre. Lobes of the corolla rather long. Akenes 

 slender, about 10-ribbed : pappus of many long and slender bristles, which are 

 plumose or else beset with a short beard" or roughness for their whole length. 

 Leaves alternate, entire. 



22. KUHNIA. Heads small, of 10-25 dull cream-colored flowers, surrounded by a 



few lanceolate scales of the involucre. Corolla slender, barely 5-toothed. 

 Akenes cylindrical, many-striate : pappus a row of white plumose bristles. 

 Leaves mostly alternate. 



23. MIKANIA. Heads of 4 flesh-colored flowers, with an involucre of only 4 



scales. Corolla 5-toothed. Akenes 5-angled: pappus a row of hair-like 

 naked (barely roughish) bristles. Leaves opposite; stem twining. 



24. EUPATORIU5.1. Heads of 3 or more flowers, and an involucre of several or 



many scales. Corolla 5-toothed. Receptacle flat or merely convex. Akenes 

 5-angled: pappus a row of hair-like naked (barely rough)* bristles. 



25. CONOCLINIUM. Heads, &c. as in the preceding, but the receptacle conical. 



Flowers many, blue or blue-purple. Leaves opposite. 



26. AGERATUM. " Like the preceding; but the receptacle flattish, and the pappus 



of a few chaffy scales, mostly tapering into a slender stiff rough bristle. 

 Leaves opposite. 



17. PIQUERIA. Heads very small, of 3-5 white flowers, and involucre of 4 or 5 

 scales. Akenes 5-angled : pappus none. Leaves opposite, 3-ribbed. 



C. Branches of the style smooth, with a conical orjlat unusally minutely hairy tip. 



28. CACALIA. Heads corymbed, with 5-30 white or whitish flowers. Scales of 



the involucre a single row, with a few small bractlets at base. Corolla 

 5-cleft. Akenes oblong, smooth : pappus of very many fine and soft down- 

 like naked bristles. Leaves alternate. 



40. BELLIS. A cultivated state of the Daisy, with quilled (monstrous) flowers 

 may be sought here. 



B. With strap-shaped corollas or rays at the margin of the head. 

 1. Herbage not spotted with large translucent or colored strong-scented glands. 

 * Pappus of copious hair-like bristles: no chaff on the receptacle among the flowers. 

 *- Rays yellow, except in one or tico species o/*Senecio and one Solidago, pistillate. 



29. TUSSILAGO. Ray-flowers very numerous and in many rows, fertile, with 



narrow ligules ; trie tubular disk-flowers few in the centre, and not fertile. 

 Scale of the involucre nearly in one row. Pappus fine and soft. Head soli- 

 tary on a scaly-bracted scape. 



30. SENECIO. Ray-flowers several in a single row, or sometimes none: the disk- 



flowers (as in all the following) perfect and fertile. Scales of the involucre in 

 a single row, or often with small bractlets at the base. Pappus very fine and 

 soft. Heads mostly in corymbs. Leaves alternate, simple or compound. 



31. ARNICA. Ray-flowers several or many in a single row. Scales of the invo- 



lucre nearly *equal in 2 rows. Pappus a single row of rough rather rigid 

 bristles. Akenes slender. Heads few and rather large. Leaves opposite. 



32. INULA. Ray-flowers very numerous in one row, with narrow ligules. Outer 



scales of the involucre leaf-like. Pappus of many slender roughish bristles. 

 Akenes narrow. Heads large and broad, the tubular perfect flowers very 

 numerous, their anthers with two tails at the base. Leaves alternate. 



33. CHRYSOPSIS. Ray-flowers numerous in one row, scales of the involucre 



narrow, not leaf-like. Pappus of many roughish slender bristles, with also an 

 outer row of very short and stout or chaff-like bristles. Akenes flattened, 

 hairy. Heads single or corvmbed. Leaves alternate. 



34. SOLIDAGO. Ray-flowers 1 - 8, or rarely 10 - 16, the tubular disk-flowers sev- 



eral, rarely many. Involucre oblong, its scales imbricated and appressed, of 

 unequal lengths. Pappus a row of slender roughish bristles. Akenes nar- 

 row, terete, many-ribbed. Heads in panicled racemes, corymbs, or clusters, 

 mostly small. Leaves alternate. 



H- H- Rays white, purple, blue, $c. never yellow, the flowers of the disk mostly yellow. 



ASTERS and the like. Leaves alternate, simple. Akenes flattened or flattish. 



86. CALLISTEPHUS. Ray-flowers very numerous, usually in more than one row, 



or in cultivated varieties in several rows. Involucre in several rows, more or 



