BORAGE FAMILY. 255 



8 ECHINOSPERMUM. Corolla with tube as short as the rounded lobes, the 

 throat closed with short rounded scales. Nutlets erect, fixed to the central 

 column or base of the style, triangular, roughened, and bearing one or more 

 marginal rows of barb-tipped prickles, forming small burs. Coarse weeds, 

 with leafy-bracted racemed flowers. 



9. CYNOGLOSSUM. Corolla between short funnel-form and wheel-shaped, the 

 tube about the length of the rounded lobes; throat closed by the blunt scales. 

 Nutlets bur-like, oblique on the expanded base of the style, to which they 

 are fixed by their apex, roughened all over with short barbed or hooked 

 prickles. Coarse and sti-ong-scented plants, with racemed flowers, the lower 

 sometimes bracted, otherwise bractless. 



*- *- Corolla tubular and more or less funnel-shaped. 



10. LYCOPSIS. Corolla with a curved tube, slightly oblique 5-lobed border, and 



bristly-hairy scales in the throat. Stamens included in the tube. Nut- 

 lets rough-wrinkled, erect, fixed by a hollowed base. Coarse, rough-bristly 

 plants. 



11. SYMPHYTUM. Corolla straight, tubular-funnel form, with short spreading 



lobes which are somewhat longer than the large awl-shaped scales and 

 the linear or lanceolate anthers. Style slender, commonly protruding. Nut- 

 lets erect, smooth, coriaceous, fixed by a hollowed base. Coarse herbs, branch- 

 ing and leafy, with thickened or tuberous roots, the juice mucilaginous and 

 bitterish, used in popular medicine. Flowers nodding in raceme-like often 

 forked clusters, either naked or leafy-bracted at base. 



II. HELIOTROPE FAMILY, the ovary not divided but 

 tipped with the simple style, the fruit when ripe separating into 2 

 or 4 closed pieces or nutlets. 



12. HELIOTROPIUM. Corolla short funnel-form or salver-shaped, the open throat 



more or less plaited. Anthers nearly sessile, included. Style short: stigma 

 conical or capitate. Ovary 4-celled, in fruit splitting into 4 nutlets. Flowers 

 small, in one-sided single or cymose-clustered spikes, mostly bractless. 



13. HELIOPHYTUM. Corolla constricted at the throat. Style very short. Fruit 



mitre-shaped, splitting at maturity into 2 nutlets each* 2-celled. Otherwise 

 as in Heliotropium. 



1. ECHITJM, VIPEK'S BUGLOSS. (Name from Greek word for viper.) 

 E. Vlllg&re, COMMON V. or BLUE WEED. Cult, from Eu. in old gardens, 



and a weed in fields, Penn. to Virginia : l-2 high, very rough-bristlv, with 

 lanceolate sessile leaves, and showy flowers in racemed 'clusters, the "purple 

 corolla changing to bright blue, in summer. 



2. BORRAGO, BORAGE. (Old name, supposed corruption of cor ago, from 

 imagined cordial properties. ) 



33. officin&lis, COMMON B. Cult, from Eu. in old gardens, spreading, 

 branched, beset with sharp and whitish spreading bristles ; leaves oval or 

 oblong-lanceolate ; flowers loosely racemed, handsome, blue or purplish, with 

 dark anthers, in summer. 



3. MERTENSIA. (Named for a Prof. Martens, of Germany.) ^ 



M. Virginica, VIRGINIAN or SMOOTH LUNGWORT. Alluvial soil TV. 

 & S., and cult, for ornament : a very smooth and pale leafy plant, l-2 high, 

 with obovate entire leaves, those of the root long-petioled, handsome flowers 

 spreading or hanging on slender pedicels in loose raceme-like clusters, the light 

 blue or at first purple corolla 1' long : fl. spring. 



4. ONOSMODIUM, FALSE GROMWELL. (Name means like Onos- 

 ma, an European genus of this family.) Wild plants of the country, mostly 

 in rich soil, in dry or alluvial ground : flowers leafy-bracted, greenish or yel- 

 lowigh-white, in summer. 2/ 



