272 GENTIAN FAMILY. 



2. FRASERA, AMERICAN COLUMBO. (Named for John Eraser.) 

 3P. Carol&6nsis. Rich wooded ground W. & S. : root very large and 



deep, bitter (used in medicine as a substitute for Columbo) ; stem 3 -8 highj 

 leaves mostly in fours, lance-oblong, or the lowest spatulate ; corolla 1 ' wide x 

 greenish-yellow or whitish, and dark-dotted, (f) 2/ 



3. GENTIANA, GENTIAN. (Old name, from Gentius, king of Illyria.) 

 Chiefly in woods and damp ground : flowering chiefly in autumn, a few in 

 summer. 



1. Corolla without plaits at the sinuses : anthers separate: seeds wingless. (T) 



G. quinqueflbra. Chiefly N. & W. : branching ; leaves ovate-lanceolate 

 or slightly heart-shaped at base ; flowers panicled, hardly 1 ' long, the 5 lobes 

 of the pale blue corolla triangular-ovate, bristle-pointed. 



G. crinita, FRINGED GEXTIAN. Low grounds N. & W. : leaves lanceo- 

 late or broader, with rounded or heart-shaped base ; flowers solitary on long 

 peduncles terminating the stem or simple branches ; calyx with 4 unequal 

 lobes ; corolla sky-blue, showy, 2' long, funnel-form, the 4 wedge-obovate lobes 

 with margins cut into a' long and delicate fringe. 



G. detonsa, takes the place of the preceding species N. W., and is perhaps 

 a variety of it : has linear leaves and less fringe to the corolla (to which the 

 name alludes), often none at the top of the lobes. 



2. Corolla naked, l'-2' long, with plaits at the sinuses, which project more or 

 less into teeth or thin intermediate lobes : pod stalked in the corolla. "^ 



* Stems low, bearing 1-3 slender-ped uncled flowers : seeds wingless. 



G. angUStifolia. Pine barrens from N. Jersey S. : 6' -15' high, with 

 linear leaves, and open funnel-form azure-blue corolla 2' long, its lobes ovate ; 

 anthers separate. 



* * Stems l-2 high, bearing clustered or rarely solitary 2-bracted flowers at the 

 summit of the leafy stem, and often in the upper axiis a/.so. 



*- Corolla between bell-shaped and short-funnel -for in or obconical, mostly open, with 

 ovate lobes exceeding the usually toothed appendages of the plaits. 



G. Ochroletica. Chiefly S. in dry ground : leaves obovate or spatulate- 

 oblong, narrowed at the base ; calyx-lobes linear ; corolla greenish-white with 

 greener and purplish stripes inside, somewhat bell-shaped ; anthers separate ; 

 seeds wingless. 



G. alba. Along the Alleghanies and N. W. : flowering at midsummer ; 

 leaves lance-ovate from a partly heart-shaped base, tapering thence to a point ; 

 calyx-lobes ovate, short ; corolla yellowish-white, with short and broad lobes ; 

 anthers conniving ; seeds broadly winged. 



G. pub6rilla. Dry barrens and prairies W. & S. : low, roughish, or 

 minutely pubescent, with lance-oblong, ovate, or linear rough-margined leaves 

 only 1-2' long ; calyx-lobes lanceolate ; corolla bright blue, open, its spreading 

 ovate lobes 2 or 3 times longer than the cut-toothed intermediate appendages ; 

 seeds not covering the walls of the pod, as they do in the related species. 



G. Saponaria, SOAPWORT G. Low woods, chiefly N. and along the 

 Alleghanies ; leaves lance-ovate, oblong, or obovate, or in a northern variety 

 linear, narrowed at base ; calyx-lobes linear or spatulate ; corolla light blue or 

 rerging to white, little open', its short and broad lobes longer than the con- 

 spicuous 2-cleft intermediate appendages ; anthers conniving or united ; seeds 

 narrowly-winged. 



- *- Corolla more club-shaped and seldom open, truncate, with no proper lobes. 

 G. Andr^WSii, CLOSED G. Woods especially N. : leaves lance-ovate or 

 lance-oblong with a narrowed base ; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong, short ; corolla 

 blue (rarely a white variety), its proper lobes if any shorter than the bro;id and 

 more conspicuous fringe-toothed and notched appendages which terminate the 

 folds ; anthers connected ; seeds broadly winged. 



