PINE FAMILY. 315 



9. THUJA, ARBOR VIT^E. (Ancient name of some resin-bearing ever- 

 green.) The varieties planted in collections are very numerous ; the follow- 

 ing are the principal natural types, by many taken for genera. 



T. OCCidentalis, AMERICAN ARBOR VIT.E, or WHITE CEDAR of the 

 North. Common tree N., in swamps and cool moist woods, much planted, 

 especially for hedges and screens ; leaves mostly of the scale-shaped sort, blunt 

 and adnate ; cones oblong, rather soft, the oblong scales pointless, and bearing 

 2 thin winged seeds. Many nursery varieties, some of which, especially var. 

 ERICOIDES or HEATH-LIKE A., have the loose awl-shaped sort of leaves. 



T. orientalis, or BIOTA ORIENTALIS, the CHINESE A., not fully hardy 

 far N. : small tree, with even the scale-shaped leaves acute, cone larger, with 

 thicker scales tipped with a recurving horn-like apex or appendage, each 

 2-seeded, and the seeds hard-shelled and wingless. Var. A&REA, the GOLDEN 

 A. is dwarf and very dense, with yellow-green or partly golden-tinged foliage. 

 Var. TARTARICA, is a more hardy glossy-green variety, the leaves scale-shaped. 

 Var. MELDENSIS, one with only loose and awl-shaped leaves. Even the slender- 

 stemmed and weeping T. PEXDULA is an extreme variety. 



T. dolabrata, or TIIUJOPSIS DOLABRATA of Japan. Remarkable for its 

 very flat spray, broad and very blunt large leaves (sometimes ^' long) green 

 above and white beneath ; the cone with thick and rounded scales, each with 

 5 wing-margined seeds. 



10. JUNIPERTJS, JUNIPER. (Classical Latin name.) Fl. late spring. 

 1. Leaves (scale-like and awl-shaped, small, the former sort minute and very 



adnate) like those. r>f Cypress and Arbor Vitve. 



J. Virginiana, RED CEDAR or SAVIN. A familiar shrub and small or 

 large tree, with most durable and valuable reddish odorous wood ; the small 

 fruit dark with a white bloom, erect on the short supporting branchlet. 



J. Sabina, var. procumbens. Rocky banks, trailing over the ground 

 along our northern borders, with the scale-shaped leaves less acute, and the 

 fruit nodding on the short peduncle-like recurved branchlet. 



2. Leaves all of one sort, in wltorls of '3, jointed with the stem, linear with an awl- 

 shaped pricldj point, the midrib prominent, also the rib-like margins. 



J. COmmtmis, COMMON JUNIPER. Erect or spreading shrub ; with very 

 shar|>-pointed leaves green below and white on the upper face ; berries large and 

 smooth. The wild, low, much spreading variety is common N. in sterile or 

 rocky ground. Var. HIBERNICA, very erect tree-like shrub, forming a narrow 

 column, is most planted for ornament, from Eu. 



11. TAXUS, YEW. (Classical name, from the Greek for a bow, the tough 

 wood was chosen for bows.) Fl. early spring 



T. baccata, EUROPEAN YEW. Low tree, with thick upright trunk, spread- 

 ing short branches, and pointed dark green leaves about 1' long; when planted 

 in this country forms only a shrub. 



Var. fastigiata, IRISH YEW; a singular form, making a narrow column, 

 the branches appressed ; the leaves shorter, broader, and scarcely in two ranks. 



Var. Canad^nsis, AMERICAN YEW or GROUND HEMLOCK ; shady cold 

 banks and woods N. ; the stems spreading over the ground. 



12. TORRE YA. ( Named for our Dr. John Torrey. ) Flowers in spring. 

 T. taxifolia. Woods in Florida : a handsome tree, but with the wood and 



foliage ill-scented ; leaves like those of Yew but longer and tapering to a sharp 

 point : hardy as a shrub as far north as New York. T. CALIFORNICA, is the 

 CALIFORNIA^ NUTMEG-TREE. T. NUC/FERA, from Japan, is another species. 



13. SALISBURIA, GINKGO-TREE. (Named for/?. A. Salisbury.) 



S. adiantif61ia (the name denotes the likeness of the leaves to those of 

 the Maidenhair Fern) , a most singular tree, planted from Japan, hardy even 

 N. ; branches spreading ; the fan-shaped alternate leaves with their slender 

 stalks, 3 'or 4 long 



