10 FLORA. 



ovate -lanceolate in outline, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, 3-pinnate or 2-pinnate 

 with the pinnules pinnatifid, the upper surface slightly tomentose, the lower densely 

 matted with whitish-brown woolly hairs; upper pinnae oblong-ovate, the lower 

 deltoid, the lowest distant; ultimate segments or lobes minute, the terminal ones 

 slightly larger than the others, all roundish or obovate and much crowded; indusium 

 narrow. On rocks, 111., to Br. Col., Tex. and Ariz. (C. gracitis Mett.) 



4. Cheilanthes tomentosa Link. (I. F. f. 69.) Rootstock stout, short, 

 densely chaffy with light brown scales. Stipes tufted, 1-2 dm. long, rather stout, 

 densely brown-tomentose even when mature; leaves oblong-lanceolate in outline, 

 3-pinnate, 1.5-4.5 dm. long, densely tomentose, especially beneath, with slender 

 brownish- white obscurely articulated hairs; pinnae and pinnules ovate-oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, the ultimate pinnules about I mm. long, the terminal ones some- 

 times twice as large as the others; indusium pale, membranous, continuous. On 

 rocks, Va. to Ga., west to Mo., Tex., Ariz, and Mex. 



8. WOODWARDIA J. E. Smith. CHAIN-FERN. 



Large and rather coarse ferns of swamps or wet woods, with pinnate or nearly 

 bi-pinnate leaves and oblong or linear sori, sunk in cavities of the leaf and arranged 

 in chain -like rows, parallel to the margins of the pinnae. Leaves all alike or the 

 pinnae of the fertile ones much narrower than those of the sterile. Indusia subcor- 

 iaceous, fixed by their outer margins to a veinlet and covering the cavity like a lid. 

 Veins more or less reticulated. [Name in honor of Thomas Jenkinson Woodward, 

 1745-1820, English botanist.] Six species, mostly of the north temperate zone. 



Leaves uniform ; veins free between the sori and the margin. i. W, Virginica. 



Leaves of two kinds ; veins everywhere anastomosing. 2. W. areolata. 



1. Woodwardia Virginica (L.) J. E. Smith. (I. F. f. 42.) Rootstock long, 

 stout, subterranean or creeping, chaffy. Stipes stout, 3-4.5 dm. long, nearly or quite 

 naked, dark-colored below; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, at the apex, narrowed 

 at the base, 3-6 dm. long, 15-22 cm. wide, pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate, usually 

 alternate or some of them opposite, coriaceous, glabrous, acuminate at the apex, 

 sessile, 7-15 cm. long, deeply pinnatifid into ovate or oblong obtuse segments, their 

 margins minutely serrulate ; veins forming a single series of areolae on either side 

 of the midvein, the sori borne on the outer curving veinlets; sterile and fertile leaves 

 similar in outline. In swamps, N. S. to Ont. and Mich., south to Fla., La. and Ark. 



2. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore. (I. F. f. 43.) Rootstock slender, 

 creeping, chaffy. Leaves of two kinds, the fertile taller than the sterile and borne 

 on longer stipes, 3-6 dm. high, their pinnae much contracted, narrowly linear, 

 7-12.5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, distant, their bases connected by a very narrow 

 wing to the rachis or quite distinct ; sterile leaves deltoid -ovate, membranous, 

 broadest at the base, or sometimes with one or two small pinnae below, the apex 

 acuminate, the segments lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, minutely serrulate, some- 

 times undulate, their bases connected by a rather broad rachis-wing; veins forming 

 numerous areolae. In swamps, Me. to Fla., La. and Ark.; also in Mich. 



9. ASPLENIUM L. SPLEENWORT. 



Large or small ferns with entire, lobed, pinnate, 2-3 -pinnate, or pinnatifid 

 leaves, and linear or oblong sori oblique to the midribs or rachises. Leaves mostly 

 uniform. Veins free. Indusia straight or curved, opening towards the midribs 

 when single. Sporanges pedicelled, provided with an elastic ring, bursting trans- 

 versely. [Ancient Greek name ; some species were supposed to be remedies for 

 diseases of the spleen.] A genus of some 200 species, of very wide geographic 

 distribution. 



Sori straight or rarely slightly curved, attached to the upper side of a vein ; mostly small 



(except in No. 7). 

 Leaves pinnatifid or pinnate below, tapering to a point. 



Stipes blackish below ; lobes rounded or the lowest acuminate. 



i. A. pinnatifidum. 

 Stipes blackish throughout ; lobes acute or acuminate. 2, A, ebenoides. 



