114 FLORA. 



sometimes sparingly hirsute, and rarely with a villous ring at the summit; leaves 

 1-3 dm. long or more, 4-10 mm. wide, scabrous, occasionally sparingly hirsute; 

 panicle 7-5-17-5 cm. in length, contracted, the branches erect, the lower 2. 5-5 cm. 

 long; spikelets 6-8 mm. long; scales strongly scabrous, the outer about equal, 

 acuminate and awn-pointed; third scale shorter, obtuse, the basal hairs one-half to 

 two-thirds its length; awn stout, exceeding or equalling the scale. In moist soil, 

 N. H. and Mass, to Penn., south to Ga. July-Aug. 



43. AMMOPHILA Host. 



Tall perennial grasses with flat leaves, convolute above, and dense spike-like 

 panicles. Spikelets I -flowered, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower and hairy. 

 Scales 3, rigid, chartaceous, acute, keeled; the 2 outer empty, the lower i-nerved, 

 the upper 3-nerved; third scale 5 -nerved, with a ring of short hairs at the base, 

 subtending a chartaceous 2-nerved palet and a perfect flower. Stamens 3. Styles 

 distinct. Stigmas plumose. Grain free, loosely enclosed in the scale and palet. 

 [Greek, signifying sand-loving, in allusion to the habitat of these grasses.] Two 

 species, the following widely distributed along the fresh and salt-water shores of the 

 northern hemisphere, the other European. 



1. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link. SEA SAND-REED. SEA MAT-WEED. 

 MARAM. (I. F. f. 380.) Glabrous ; culms 6-12 dm. tall, erect, rigid, stout, aris- 

 ing from a long horizontal branching rootstock. Sheaths smooth, the lower short, 

 crowded and overlapping, the upper longer; leaves 1.5-3 dm. l n g or more, rigid, 

 attenuate into a long slender involute point, smooth beneath, scabrous above; spike- 

 like panicle dense, 1-3 dm. in length, 1.2-1.6 cm. thick, its branches 3.75 cm. long 

 or less, appressed; spikelets 1-1.2 cm. long, the scales scabrous, about equal in 

 length, the third usually with the rudiment of an awn just below the apex; basal 

 hairs 2-4 mm. long. In sands of the seacoast from N. B. to Va., and inland along 

 the shores of the Great Lakes. Also on the coasts of northern Europe. Aug. -Sept. 



44. CALAMOVILFA Hack. 



Tall grasses with stout horizontal rootstocks, elongated leaves, which are in- 

 volute at the apex, and paniculate inflorescence. Spikelets I -flowered, the rachilla 

 not prolonged beyond the flower. Scales 3, I -nerved, acute, the 2 outer unequal, 

 empty ; third scale longer or shorter than the second, with a ring of hairs at the 

 base; palet strongly 2-keeled. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. Stigmas plumose. 

 Grain free. Seed adherent to the pericarp. [Greek, signifying a reed -like grass.] 

 Three known species, natives of the temperate and subtropical regions of N. Am. 



Spikelets 4-5 mm. long, the basal hairs less than half the length of the third scale. 



1. C. brevipilis. 

 Spikelets 6-8 mm. long, the basal hairs more than half the length of the third scale. 



2. C. longifolia. 



x. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Hack. SHORT-HAIRED REED -GRASS. 

 (I. F. f. 381.) Glabrous and smooth or very nearly so. Culms 6-12 dm. tall, erect, 

 simple ; leaves 1.5-3 dm. long. 3 mm. wide or less, attenuate into a long slender 

 involute tip, smooth beneath, slightly scabrous above; panicle open. 1.25-2.5 cm. 

 in length, the branches ascending, the lower 5-10 cm. long; spikelets 4-5 mm. long; 

 scales acute, scabrous toward the apex, the outer unequal, the first one-half as long 

 as the second; third scale exceeding the second, pubescent on the lower half of the 

 keel; basal hairs one-third the length of the scale; palet nearly equalling the scale, 

 pubescent on the lower half of the keel. In swamps, pine barrens of N. J. Local. 

 Aug.-Sept. 



2. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. LONG -LEAVED REED -GRASS. 

 (I. F. f. 382.) Culms 3-9 dm. tall, erect, simple, stout, smooth and glabrous. 

 Sheaths crowded and overlapping, glabrous or rarely pilose; leaves 2-3 dm. long 

 or more, panicle narrow, often 3 dm. long or more, pale, the branches erect or as- 

 cending, the lower 1-2.5 dm. l n g; spikelets 6-8 mm. long; scales acute, smooth, 

 the first shorter than the second; the third a little longer or slightly shorter thau 

 the second, and nearly twice the length of the copious basal hairs; palet slightly 



