1 58 FLORA. 



102. HYSTRIX Moench. 



Usually tall grasses, with flat leaves and terminal spikes. Spikelets 2-several- 

 flowered, in pairs, rarely in 3's, at each node of the rachis. Empty scales wanting, 

 or sometimes appearing as mer.e rudiments; flowering scales narrow, convolute, 

 rigid, rounded on the back, 5 -nerved above, terminating in an awn; palet scarcely 

 shorter than the scale, 2 -keeled. Stamens 3. Styles very short, distinct. Stigmas 

 plumose. Grain oblong, adhering to the palet when dry. [Greek name of the 

 Porcupine, referring to the long awns.] Four known species, the following and a 

 Californian one occurring in N. Am. 



I. Hystrix Hy"strix (L.) Millsp. BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. (I. F. f. 541.) 

 Culms 6-12 dm. tall; leaves 1-2.5 dm. l n g> 6-12 mm. wide, smooth beneath, 

 rough above; spike 7-5 I 7'5 cm> i 11 length; spikelets at length widely spreading, 

 8-12 mm. long, exclusive of the awns, readily deciduous, even when young; empty 

 scales awn-like, usually present in the lowest spikelet; flowering scales 8-12 mm. 

 long, acuminate into an awn about 2.5 cm. in length. In rocky woods, N. B. to 

 Ont. and Minn, south to Ga., 111. and Neb. Ascends to 630 m. in Va. June-July. 



103. ARUNDINARIA Michx. 



Arborescent or shrubby grasses, with simple or branched culms and flat short - 

 petioled leaves which are articulated with the sheath. Spikelets borne in panicles 

 or racemes, 2-many-flowered, large, compressed. Empty scales I or 2, the first 

 sometimes wanting ; flowering scales longer, not keeled, many nerved ; palets 

 scarcely shorter than the scales, prominently 2-keeled. Lodicules 3. Stamens 3. 

 Styles 2 or 3. Stigmas plumose. Grain furrowed, free, enclosed in the scale and 

 palet. [From Arundo, the Latin name of the Reed.] About 24 species, natives 

 of Asia and America. Two are found in the southern U. S. 



Spikelets borne on radical shoots of the year ; culms 4 m. tall or less. 



i. A. tecta. 

 Spikelets borne on the old stems; culms 5 m. tall or more. 2. A. macrosperma. 



1. Arundinaria tecta (Walt.) Muhl. SCUTCH CANE. SMALL CANE. 

 (I. F. f. 542.) Culms 1-4 m. tall, erect, shrubby, branching at the summit. 

 Sheaths longer than the internodes, smooth or rough, ciliate on the margins; 

 ligules bristly; leaves lanceolate, 8.5-20 cm. long, 8-24 mm. wide, flat, more or 

 less pubescent beneath, glabrous above; racemes on short leafless culms; spikelets 

 7-io-flowered, 2.5-3.75 cm. long, on pedicels 2.5 cm. in length or less, which are 

 sometimes pubescent; empty scales unequal, the first usually very small, sometimes 

 wanting; flowering scales 1.2-2 cm. long, acute or acuminate, smooth, glabrous or 

 pubescent. In swamps and moist soil, Md. to Ind. Mo., Fla. and Tex. May- 

 July. 



2. Arundinaria macrosperma Michx. GIANT CANE. Culms woody, 6-9 m. 

 tall, finally branched above; sheaths ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous; 

 leaves lanceolate, smooth or roughish, 3 dm. or less long, the larger 2-3 cm. wide, 

 those on the ultimate divisions smaller and crowded at the summit of the branches; 

 inflorescence on the old wood, the spikelets 3.5-6 cm. long, on slender more or less 

 leafy branches, the flowering scales glabrous or hirsute, acuminate. Forming 

 " cane brakes " along river banks and swamps, Va. to Fla., west to La. ; along the 

 Miss. R. and its tributaries as far north as Ky., Tenn. and Mo. May-July. 



Family 2. CYPERACEAE J. St. Hil. 



Sedge Family, 



Grass-like or rush-like herbs. Stems (culms) slender, solid (rarely 

 hollow), triangular, quadrangular, terete or flattened. Roots fibrous 

 (many species perennial by long rootstocks). Leaves narrow, with 

 closed sheaths. Flowers perfect or imperfect, arranged in spikelets, one 

 (rarely 2) in the axil of each scale (glume, bract), the spikelets solitary 



