JUNCACRAE. 247 



in about 16 longitudinal rows. In swamps and moist places, nearly throughout 

 N. A., except the arid and high northern portions. Also in Europe and Asia. 



2. Juncus conglomerates L. GLOMERATE RUSH. (I. F. f. 920.) Plant 

 3-6 dm. high, tufted, erect. Rootstock stout, with proliferous branches ; stem 

 distinctly ribbed just beneath the inflorescence ; leaf- blades wanting, or minute 

 filiform rudiments ; inflorescence congested, seldom more than 2 cm. high ; lowest 

 bract of the inflorescence 5-15 cm. long ; perianth 2.5-4 mm. long, its parts 

 green, lanceolate, acuminate ; anthers shorter than the filaments; capsule obuvoid, 

 obtuse or retuse at apex, tipped with the base of the style ; seed 0.4-0.5 mm. in 

 length, acute or abruptly apiculate at both ends, reticulate in about 16 longitudinal 

 rows. In the sphagnum bogs of Newf. Also in northern Europe and Asia. 



3. Juncus filiformis L. THREAD RUSH. (I. F. f. 921.) Stems 1-6 dm. tall, 

 erect, from a creeping rootstock ; basal leaves reduced to bladeless sheaths ; 

 inflorescence commonly with less than 8 flowers and less than 2 cm. high ; perianth 

 2.5-3.5 mm. long, its parts narrowly lanceolate, acute, or the inner obtuse ; 

 stamens 6, about half as long as the perianth ; style very short ; capsule obovoid, 

 green, barely pointed, about three-fourths as long as the perianth, 3 -celled ; seed 

 about 0.5 mm. long, pointed at either end, with an irregularly wrinkled coat, seldom 

 developing reticulations. Lab. to Br. Col., Penn., Mich., and in the Rocky Mts. to 

 Utah and Colo. Also in Europe and Asia. 



4. Juncus gymnocarpus Coville. PENNSYLVANIA RUSH. (I. F. f. 922.) 

 Stems erect, 3-0 dm. high, about 2 mm. thick, from a creeping proliferous root- 

 stock ; basal leaves reduced co bladeless clasping sheaths ; panicle commonly 

 1.5-3 cm. high, spreading, its subtending leaf usually 1-2.5 dm. l n & I perianth 

 2 mm. in length or a little less, its parts with a green midrib, equal, lanceolate, the 

 outer acute, the inner obtuse ; capsule almost twice as long as the perianth, 

 broadly ovoid, conspicuously mucronate, brown and shining, barely dehiscent, 

 3 -celled ; seed about 0.6 mm. long, none with perfect markings seen. In swamps, 

 mountains of Schuylkill and Lebanon counties, Penn. 



5. Juncus Balticus Willd. BALTIC RUSH. (I. F. f. 923.) Stems 2-9 dm. high, 

 arising at intervals from a stout creeping rootstock ; basal leaves reduced to bladeless 

 sheaths; panicle commonly 2-6 cm. high; perianth 3-4.5 mm. long, its parts nearly 

 equal, brown with a green midrib and hyaline margins; style 1-2 mm. long; stigmas 

 a little shorter ; stamens 6, about two-thirds the length of the perianth; anthers much 

 longer than the filaments ; capsule about as long as the perianth, pale to dark 

 brown, narrowly ovoid, conspicuously mucronate, 3-celled ; seeds usually with 

 a loose cqat, nearly I mm. long, about 4O-striate. On shores, Lab. to Alaska, 

 S. N. Y., Ohio and Neb., and far south in the western mountains. Also in Europe 

 and Asia. Variable. 



6. Juncus Roemerianus Scheele. ROEMER'S RUSH. (I. F. f. 924.) Stems 

 0.5-1.2 m. tall, from a tough scaly rootstock 5-10 mm. thick ; inner sheaths bear- 

 ing erect blades of about the same length as the stem ; inflorescence 1-2.5 cm - 

 high, diffuse, its leaf 615 cm. long ; heads 2-6-flowered ; perianth pale brown, 

 2-3.5 mm - l n g> tne P ai "ts linear-oblong, the outer acuminate, the inner shorter and 

 bluntly acute ; flowers imperfectly dioecious ; stamens 6, on fertile plants reduced 

 to sterile staminodia ; capsule brown, about as long as the perianth, narrowly 

 obovoid, obtuse or truncate, mucronate, 3-celled ; seed dark brown, abruptly 

 apiculate, indistinctly reticulate or distinctly 2O-26-ribbed arid the intervening 

 spaces imperfectly cross-lined. In brackish marshes, N. J. to Tex. 



7. Juncus maritimus Lam. SEA RUSH. (I. F. f. 925.) Stems 0.5-1 m. 

 high, from a stout horizontal rootstock. Outer basal leaves reduced to bladeless 

 sheaths, the innermost foliose, with a long terete stout blade about equalling the 

 stem ; leaf of the inflorescence erect, sometimes 3 dm. long; panicle 0.7-2 dm. high, 

 its branches, stiff, erect ; heads 2-6-flowered ; perianth 3-3.5 mm. long, its parts 

 green, lanceolate, with hyaline margins; flowers perfect ; stamens 6, two-thirds as 

 long as the perianth ; filaments about as long as the anthers ; capsule 3-3.5 mm. 

 long, narrowly ovoid, acute, mucronate, brown above, 3-celled; seed brown, the 

 body narrowly and obliquely oblong, 2O~3O-ribbed, indistinctly reticulate, tailed at 

 either end. Coney Island, N. Y, Common on the coasts of Europe. 



8. Juncus bufonius L. TOAD RUSH. (I. F. f. 926.) Plant branching from 

 the base, annual, erect, seldom exceeding 2 dm. in height; leaf-blade flat, 0.5-1 mm. 



