ROSACEAE. 5O7 



incised, 3-5 cm. long ; flowers yellow. 6-10 mm. broad ; calyx-lobes ovate- 

 lanceolate, acute. Woods and shaded hillsides. N. Eng. and Ont. to Minn., Mich., 

 Ind., and along the Alleghanies to Ga. May -June. 



2. Waldsteinia parvifiora Small. SOUTHERN DRY STRAWBERRY. (I. F. f. 

 1939 a.) Villous-hirsute, or glabrous in age. Leaflets cuneate-obovate or broadly 

 rhomboidal, 4-7 cm. long, coarsely and irregularly crenate or lobed; tube of the 

 calyx broadly turbinate, the segments triangular- lanceolate, or lanceolate-acumi- 

 nate. In woods and shaded soil, Va. to N. Car., Tenn. and Ga. March-May. 



18. GEUM L. 



Perennial herbs, with odd-pinnate, or deeply pinnatifid, stipulate leaves. Flow- 

 ers cymose- corymbose or solitary. Calyx persistent, its tube obconic or hemi- 

 spheric, usually 5-bracteolate, 5 -lobed. Petals 5, orbicular, oblong or obovate, 

 obtuse or emarginate. Stamens oo , inserted on a disk at the base of the calyx ; 

 filaments filiform. Carpels oo , aggregated on a short receptacle. Style filiform, 

 terminal, jointed, the lower portion persistent, sometimes plumose in fruit. Seed 

 erect, its testa membranous. [The ancient Latin name.] About 40 species, most 

 abundant in the north temperate zone. Besides the following about 3 others occur 

 in southern and western N. Am. 



Calyx-lobes strongly reflexed; style not plumose, sometimes hispid at the base. 

 Flowers yellow, 4 mm. broad ; head of fruit stalked; calyx bractless. 



i. G. vernum. 



Flowers 6-20 mm. broad; head of fruit sessile; calyx bracteolate. 

 Petals white, or very nearly so, obovate. 



Plant softly-pubescent or glabrate ; receptacle bristly. 2. G. Canadense. 

 Plant rough-pubescent ; receptacle glabrous or downy. 



3. G. Virgimanum. 

 Petals cream-yellow, narrowly oblong, scarcely exceeding the sepals. 



4. G. flavum. 

 Petals yellow, broadly obovate or orbicular. 



Segments or lobes of upper stem-leaves broadly rhombic-obovate; petals 



4-6 mm. long. 



Basal leaves simple, or pinnately 3-7-foliolate; plant pubescent, 

 divaricately branched; petals about equalling the sepals. 



5. G. urbanum. 

 Basal leaves interruptedly pinnate ; plant hispid ; petals exceeding the 



sepals. 6. G. macrophyllum. 



Segments or lobes of upper stem leaves oblanceolate ; petals 6-8 mm. long. 



7. G. strictum. 

 Calyx-lobes erect or spreading ; style plumose below ; flowers purple, nodding. 



8. G. rivale. 



1. Geum vernum (Raf.) T. & G. SPRING AVENS. (I. F. f. 1943.) Erect 

 or ascending, slender, simple or nearly so, 2-6 dm. high. Basal leaves tufted, 

 petioled, with a single orbicular-reniform dentate 3~5-lobed leaflet, or pinnate with 

 3-7 obovate or oval more or less dentate and lobed ones ; stem-leaves few, sessile 

 or short-petioled, pinnate or pinnatifid ; flowers few, erect ; calyx-lobes ovate, 

 acute, reflexed; petals spreading; style glabrous, about 4 mm. long; receptacle 

 glabrous. Shaded places, Ont. to W. Va., Tenn-, Kans. and Tex. Nat. in N. J. 

 and S. N. Y. April-June. 



2. Geum Canadense Jacq. WHITE AVENS. (I. F. f. 1944.) Erect, branched 

 above, 2-7 dm. high. Stipules small, dentate; basal leaves petioled, 3-foliolate or 

 pinnately divided, their segments 3-5, the terminal one broadly ovate or obovate, 

 the lateral ones narrower, all dentate and more or less lobed, sometimes with 

 smaller ones borne on the petiole; stem-leaves short-petioled or sessile, 3~5-lobed 

 or divided; peduncles slender; petals obovate, equalling or shorter than the sepals; 

 head of fruit 8-12 mm. long; style 6-8 mm. long. In shaded places, N. S. to 

 Ga., Minn., Kans. and Mo. June- Aug. 



3. Geum Virginianum L. ROUGH AVENS. (I. F. f. 1945.) Resembling the 

 preceding species but much stouter, the stem and petioles bristly-pubescent, the 

 stout short peduncles pubescent with reflexed hairs. Basal leaves becoming very 

 large, the terminal leaflet sometimes 15 cm. wide; sepals exceeding the spreading 

 revolute creamy-white petals; head of fruit very dense, 12-16 mm. in diameter; 



