VIOLACEAE. 637 



flowers on horizontal peduncles. Dry woods and hillsides, Penn. and N. J. to Ga. 

 and La. April-May. 



13. Viola cucullata Ait. MARSH BLUE VIOLET. (I. F. App. f. 24870.) Gla- 

 brous, the foliage pale green; leaves thin, Irom reniform to broadly ovate, obtuse, 

 cucullate, the margins irregularly cren ate -dentate ; scapes equalling or exceeding the 

 leaves; flowers pale blue or sometimes white, 1.5-2 cm. wide; capsules oblong, 

 trigonous, those from the cleistogamous flowers on elongated slender peduncles 

 usually longer than the leaves. Bogs and wet meadows, Me. and Ont. to Ga. and 

 Mo. April June. 



14. Viola septentrionalis Greene. NORTHERN BLUE VIOLET. Tufted, low, 

 the leaves and petioles sparsely hirsute; blades light green, paler beneath, from 

 reniform to suborbicular, strongly cucullate, all obtuse, crenulate; scapes about 

 equalling the foliage; flower pale violet-blue. 1.5-2 cm. wide, the petals broad and 

 mostly obcordate ; sepals small, linear, ciliate ; capsules oval, very short, those from 

 the cleistogamous flowers on slender erect peduncles. Rich woods, Ont. to north- 

 ern N. Eng. May. 



15. Viola venustula Greene. SMALL BLUE VIOLET. Very small at flower- 

 ing time, from a short oblique rootstock; leaves glabrous, rather dark green, 

 deltoid-ovate or cordate-ovate, acute or attenuate, crenate-serrate, cucullate when 

 young; scapes equalling or barely exceeding the leaves; flower 10-15 mm - broad, 

 deep violet-blue; petals broad, obtuse, the lateral ones bearded with white hairs; 

 capsules small, nearly globose, those from the later cleistogamous flowers subter- 

 ranean. Wet meadows, Prince Edward Island and Ont. to northern N. Eng. 

 May. 



1 6. Viola vagula Greene. SMALL MOTTLED BLUE VIOLET. Low, rather 

 succulent, from an erect rootstock ; leaves dark green with some scattered pubes- 

 cence, the blades 2.5 cm. broad, deltoid-cordate, the margin obscurely crenate; 

 scapes surpassing the leaves; flowers 2.5 cm. wide; petals deep violet, white at 

 base with purple veinings, obovate, the lowermost often obcordate, the lateral 

 densely bearded; sepals oblong, obtuse; capsules oblong, those from the cleis- 

 togamous flowers on short ascending peduncles. Meadows, Ont. and Vt. May. 



17. Viola sagittata Ait. ARROW- LEAVED VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2490.) Gla- 

 brous or with traces of pubescence ; rootstock stout, ascending or erect; leaves 

 with elongated petioles, the blades sagittate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, usually 

 acute, obscurely crenate-dentate above the middle, the auricles of the cordate or 

 truncate base commonly laciniately toothed or incised; flowers very dark purple, 

 rarely white; capsules 8-14 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect 

 peduncles. Wet meadows and marshes, Me. to Mich., Ga. and Tex. April-May. 



18. Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. TRIANGLE-LEAVED VIOLET. (I. F. 

 App. f. 24Qoa.) Glabrous; leaves with elongated petioles; blades broadly ovate 

 or deltoid-triangular, merely dentate below the middle, or sometimes even deeply 

 cleft or incised, the base subcordate, somewhat decurrent;- flowers bright blue or 

 purple, the oblong petals usually distinctly emarginate; capsules obscurely angled, 

 those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Fields and hillsides, N. 

 Y. to Va. April-May. 



19. Viola dentata Pursh. UPLAND VIOLET. Robust, from a stout branching 

 rootstock; leaves long-petioled, dark green, the blade glabrous or pubescent along 

 the veins, at first cordate-oblong, later oblong-triangular, 7-15 cm. long, the base 

 subcordate, decurrent upon the petiole, the apex acute or obtuse, the margins irreg- 

 ularly crenate-dentate, ciliate, sometimes incised below; scapes shorter than the 

 leaves; flowers deep purple, 1.5-2 cm. wide; capsules obscurely 3-angled, those 

 from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Dry rich soil in hilly regions, 

 Penn. to Va. May. 



20. Viola lancifolia Thore. EUROPEAN LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET. Tufted, 

 glabrous, from a cluster of fibrous roots or a single thick root; leaves short-petioled, 

 lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenate, 2-8 cm. long, tapering at base; 

 flowers 2.5-4 cm. wide, purple; spur large and blunt, half the length of the petals; 

 capsules small, those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Escaped 

 from cultivation and established, Washington, D.C. Adventive from Europe. 

 April-May. 



21. Viola conjugens Greene. MARYLAND VIOLET. Nearly glabrous, densely 



