768 FLORA. 



mm. broad, its tube narrowed at the throat, longer than the angulate-lobed limb; 

 anthers inserted on the tube of the corolla, slightly cohering by their tips; style 

 filiform; stigma with a tuft of bristly hairs; fruit 2-lobed, pubescent. In dry 

 sandy soil, Neb. to Tex., Utah and Mex. July-Sept. 



5. Heliotropium Indicum L. INDIAN HELIOTROPE. (I. F. f. 3018.) An- 

 nual, hirsute or hispid; stem 3-9 dm. high. Leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, rounded 

 or subcordate at the base, 5-15 cm. long, repand or undulate, margined-petioled; 

 flowers blue, 4-6 mm. broad, sessile in terminal dense bractless usually solitary 

 scorpioid spikes; calyx-segments acute, shorter than the strigose corolla-tube; 

 style very short, deciduous; fruit deeply 2-lobed, glabrous. In waste places,' 

 N. Car. to 111., Fla. and Tex. Nat. from India. Also in ballast about the northern 

 seaports. May-Nov. 



2. CYNOGLOSSUM L. 



Hirsute or hispid (rarely glabrous) mostly tall herbs, with alternate entire 

 leaves, the basal long-petioled, and purple blue or white flowers in panicled, 

 more or less scorpioid racemes. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted, enlarged in fruit. 

 Corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube short, the throat closed by 5 scales 

 opposite the imbricated rounded lobes. Stamens included; filaments short. Ovary 

 deeply 4-lobed. Nutlets oblique, attached laterally to the convex or conic recep- 

 tacle, covered with short barbed prickles. [Greek, d.og's tongue.] About 75 

 species of wide distribution. Besides the following, some 3 others occur in western 

 N. Am. 



Stem leafy to the top; flowers reddish, purple or white; nutlets flat. i. C. officinale. 

 Stem leafless above ; flowers blue ; nutlets convex. 2. C. Virginicum. 



1. Cynoglossum officinale L. HOUND'S-TONGUE. GIPSY FLOWER. (I. F. 

 f. 3019.) Biennial; stem stout, 4-9 dm. high. Basal and lower leaves oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, sometimes obtuse, 1.5-3 dm. ' on g; upper leaves lanceolate, acute 

 or acuminate, sessile; racemes much elongated in fruit; pedicels 6-12 mm. long; 

 calyx-segments ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla about 8 mm. broad; fruit pyram- 

 idal, about I cm. broad, each of the 4 nutlets forming a side of the pyramid, flat 

 on their upper faces, margined, splitting away at maturity, but hanging attached 

 to portions of the subulate style. In fields and waste places. Quebec and Ont. to 

 Minn., Manitoba, N. Car. and Kans. May-Sept. 



2. CynoglossumVirginicum L. WILD COMFREY. (I. F. f. 3020.) Peren- 

 nial, hirsute; stem usually simple, leafless above, stout, 4-8 dm. high, Basal and 

 lower leaves oval or oblong, 1-3 dm. long, obtuse, narrowed into petioles; upper 

 leaves oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, sessile and clasping by a cordate base, acute; 

 racemes 2-6, bractless, long-peduncled; flowers about I cm. broad; calyx-segments 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; fruit depressed, 8 mm. broad, the nutlets convex on the 

 upper face, not margined, separating and falling away at maturity. In woods, 

 N. B. to western Ont., Fla., La. and Kans. April-May. 



3. LAPPULA Moench. 



Rough-pubescent or canescent herbs, with alternate narrow entire leaves, and 

 small blue or white flowers, in terminal racemes. Calyx deeply 5 -cleft or 5-parted, 

 the segments narrow. Corolla salverform or funnelform, the tube very short, the 

 throat closed by 5 scales, the lobes obtuse, spreading, imbricated in. the bud. Sta- 

 mens included; filaments very short. Ovary 4-lobed; style short. Nutlets 4. lat- 

 erally attached to the receptacle, at length separating, the margins or backs armed 

 with stout barbed prickles, the sides usually papillose or tuberculate. [Diminu- 

 tive of the Latin lappa, a bur.] About 40 species, mostly of the north temperate 

 zone. Besides the following, several others occur in western N. A. : 

 Racemes bracted ; fruiting pedicels not deflexed. 



Prickles in two rows on the margins of the nutlets, distinct. i. L. Lapptila. 



Prickles in one row on the margins, more or less confluent. 2. L. Texana. 

 Racemes bracted only at the base; fruiting pedicels deflexed. 



Stem leaves ovate-oblong, the basal cordate; fruit globose. 3. L. Virginiana. 



Leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate or linear: fruit pyramidal. 



Flowers 6-10 mm. broad; fruit about 6mm. broad. 4. L. fioribunda. 



Flowers 2-4 mm. broacT; fruit about 4 mm. broad. 5. L. Americana. 



