RUBIACEAE. 865 



Upper leaves ovate, oblong, oval, ovate-lanceolate or obovate, obtuse. 



Corolla usually hirsute; plant mostly pubescent; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceo- 

 late. 10. G. circaezans. 

 Corolla glabrous; plant little pubescent; some leaves obovate. 



ii. G. Kamtschaticum. 

 Leaves linear to lanceolate; flowers in terminal panicles. 12. G. boreale. 



c. Leaves in 6's. 13. G. triflorum. 



2. Fruit smooth and glabrous, or warty in No. 15. 



a. Flowers brown-purple. 



Leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved; fruit smooth. 14. G. latifolium* 



Leaves narrowly lanceolate, i-nerved; fruit warty. 15. G. Arkansanum. 



b. Flowers white, yellowish, or greenish. 

 Endosperm of seed annular in cross-section. 



Corolla 4-parted, its lobes acute; stems smooth, or nearly so. 



16. G. tinctorium, 



Corolla mostly 3-parted, its lobes obtuse; stems minutely retrorse-hispid. 

 Pedicels slender, rough; leaves mostly in 4's. 17. G. trifidum. 



Pedicels rather stout, smooth ; leaves mostly in s's and 6's. 



18. G. Claytoni. 

 Endosperm of seed lunate in cross-section. 



Leaves obtuse. 19. G. palustre. 



Leaves acute, or cuspidate. 



Stem nearly or quite smooth. 20. G. concinnum. 



Stem strongly retrorse-hispid. 21. G. asprellum. 



* * Fruit fleshy, resembling a double berry. 22. G. hispidulum. 



1. Galium verum L. YELLOW BEDSTRAW. LADY'S BEDSTRAW. (I. F. f. 

 3408.) Perennial from a somewhat woody base, erect or ascending, 1.5-7.5 dm. 

 high. Stems smooth or minutely roughened; leaves in 6's or 8's, narrowly linear, 

 825 mm. long, about I mm. wide, rough on the margins, at length deflexed; 

 flowers yellow, the cymes in dense narrow panicles; fruit usually glabrous, less 

 than 2 mm. broad. In waste places and fields, Ont. to Mass., N. Y. and N. J. 

 Adv. or nat. from Europe. May-Sept. 



2. Galium Mollugo L. WILD MADDER. WHITE, OR GREAT HEDGE BED- 

 STRAW. (I. F. f. 3409.) Glabrous or nearly so, diffusely branched, 3-9 dm. long; 

 leaves in 6's or 8's, oblanceolate or linear, cuspidate, 12-30 mm. long, 2-4 mm. 

 wide, sometimes roughish on the margins; flowers small, white, very numerous in 

 terminal panicled cymes; pedicels filiform; fruit smooth, glabrous, nearly 2 mm. 

 broad. In fields and waste places, Newf. to Vt., N. Y., Penn., N. J. and Del. 

 Adv. or nat. from Europe. May-Sept. 



3. Galium Parisiense L. WALL BEDSTRAW. (I. F. f. 3410.) Very slender, 

 much branched; stem rough on the angles, 1.5-3 dm. high- Leaves in verticils of 

 about 6 (4-7). linear or linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, minutely scabrous on the mar- 

 gins and midrib, 4-8 mm. long; cymes several -flowered, on filiform peduncles; 

 flowers minute, greenish white; fruit glabrous, smooth or finely granular, less than 

 2 mm. wide. Roadsides, Va. and Tenn. Adv. or nat. from Europe. June-Aug. 



4. Galium tricorne Stokes. ROUGH-FRUITED CORN BEDSTRAW. (I. F. f. 

 3411.) Rather stout, decumbent or ascending, 1.5-3 dm. high, simple, or little 

 branched. Stem rough with reflexed prickles; leaves in 6's or 8's, linear or nar- 

 rowly oblanceolate, 2.5 cm. long or less. 3-4 mm. wide, rough on the margins and 

 midrib; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves; pedicels thickened and curved 

 downward in fruit; cymes axillary, usually 3- (1-3-) flowered; fruit tuberculate or 

 granular, 8-10 mm. broad. In waste places or cultivated fields, eastward (accord- 

 ing to Gray); Ont., and in ballast about the eastern seaports. Introduced from 

 Europe. May-Aug. 



5. Galium Aparine L. CLEAVERS. GOOSEGRASS. CLEAVER-WORT. (I. F. 

 f. 3412.) Weak, scrambling over bushes, 6-15 dm. long, the stems retrorsely his- 

 pid on the angles. Leaves in 6's or 8's, oblanceolate to linear, cuspidate, 2.5-8 

 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, the margins and midrib very rough; flowers in 1-3- 

 flowered cymes in the upper axils; peduncles 1-2.5 crn - l n gl fruiting pedicels 

 straight; fruit 4-6 mm. broad, densely covered with hooked bristles. In various 

 situations, N. B. to S. Dak., Fla., Mo. and Tex. Nat. from Europe. May-Sept. 



6. Galium Vaillantii DC. LESSER GOOSEGRASS OR CLEAVERS. (I. F. f. 

 3413 as G. spitrium. ) Similar to the preceding species but smaller, the stem equal- 



