COMPOSITAE. 919 



4. Vernonia glauca (L.) Britton. BROAD- LEAVED IRON-WEED. (I. F. f. 

 3604.) Slender, glabrous or finely puberulent, 6-15 dm. high. Leaves thin, the 

 lower broadly oval or slightly obovate, sharply serrate, acute or acuminate, 10-17 

 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the upper narrower and more finely toothed ; inflorescence 

 loosely branched; heads 10-20- flowered; involucre campanulate, 4-7 mm. broad- 

 bracts ovate, acute, or mucronate, or the upper ones obtuse; achenes minutely his-' 

 pidulous. In woods, Penn. and Md. to Ohio, south to Pla. and La. Aug. -Sept. 



5. Vernonia maxima Small. TALL IRON-WEED. (I. F. f. 3605.) Glabrous 

 or nearly so, 1.5-3 m. high. Leaves thin, lanceolate, sometimes broadly so, 

 usually long-acuminate, finely serrate, 1-3 dm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, usually gla- 

 brous on both surfaces ; inflorescence at length loosely branched and open ; involucre 

 campanulate, rounded at the base, 4-5 mm. broad, i5-3O-flowered; bracts obtuse 

 or mucronate, more or less ciliate; achenes slightly hispidulous; pappus purple. 

 In moist soil, Penn. to Ala., Mo., Ky. and La. July-Sept. \V. gigantea 

 (Walt.) Britton, in part.] 



Vernonia maxima pubdscens E. L. Morris. Mostly over 3 m. tall, pubescent, 

 especially on the lower surfaces of the leaves, the peduncles bracted below the heads. 

 W. Va. 



6. Vernonia fasciculata Michx. WESTERN IRON-WEED. (I. F. f. 3606.) 

 Glabrous, or puberulent above, 6-12 dm. high. Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear- 

 lanceolate, long-acuminate, 7-15 cm. long, 4-30 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so 

 on both surfaces; inflorescence usually compact; heads short-peduncled, or some 

 of them sessile; involucre campanulate, 4-6 mm. broad, 20-30- flowered; bracts 

 ovate or oval, acute, ciliate, or sometimes pubescent; achenes glabrous, or a little 

 pubescent. In moist soil or on prairies, Ohio to Minn, and N. Dak., south to Ky. 

 and Tex. July -Sept. 



7. Vernonia Drummondii Shuttlw. DRUMMOND'S IRON-WEED. (I. F. 

 f. 3607.) Stout, densely tomentose, 9-21 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate to narrowly 

 oblong, acuminate, finely serrate, 7-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, scabrous above, 

 densely pubescent beneath; heads short-peduncled; involucre hemispheric or short- 

 cylindnc, 15-50 flowered; bracts purplish, ovate, acute, or mucronate, more or less 

 floccose- pubescent or ciliate; achenes glabrous. Prairies, 111. and Ky. to Mo., Ala. 

 and Tex. Autumn. 



8. Vernonia interior Small. INLAND IRON-WEED. Stem 1-2 m. tall, leafy. 

 Leaves lanceolate to elliptic -lanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, acuminate, finely and sharply 

 serrate; involucre 4-7 mm. high, its bracts pubescent, acute or acuminate, the 

 tips erect or slightly spreading; achenes pubescent; pappus purple. Prairies and 

 plains, Mo. to Kans. and Tex. Autumn. 



9. Vernonia marginata (Torr.) Britton. JAMES' IRON- WEED. (L F. 

 f. 3608.) Glabrous or very nearly so, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves minutely denticulate, 

 i-nerved, firm, punctate, 5-12 cm. long, 3-9 mm. wide, acuminate; inflorescence 

 rather loose; involucre campanulate or turbinate, i5~3O-flowered, 8-12 mm. broad; 

 bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, to short-acuminate, purplish, somewhat 

 pubescent, appressed; achenes nearly glabrous, or somewhat pubescent. Prairies, 

 Neb. to Tex. and N. Mex. Autumn. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS L. 



Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined 

 leaves, and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in 

 branching corymbs. Heads discoid, 2-5 flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, 

 its chaffy bracts imbricated in about 2 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bracts of 

 the glomerules large, foliaceous. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regu- 

 lar, 5-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner side. Achenes lo-ribbed, truncate. 

 Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in I or 2 rows. [Greek, ivory, 

 or Elephant's-foot.] About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. 

 Besides the following another occurs in the southern U. S. 



Stem and branches usually leafy. I.E. Carolinianv- 



Stem scapiform, naked, or with i or 2 leaves. 



Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 1.8-5 cm - wide; heads 8 mm. long. 



2. E. nudatus.j 

 Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate, 5-10 cm. wide ; heads 12 mm. long. 



3. E. tomento 



