COMPOSITAE. 977 



ers. Involucre oblong to campanulate, its bracts scarious, imbricated in several 

 series, mostly white, the outer shorter. Receptacle mostly convex, not chaffy. 

 Staminate flowers with a slender or filiform corolla, an undivided style, and a pap- 

 pus of slender bristles, not thickened at the summit, or scarcely so; anthers tailed 

 at the base. Pistillate flowers with a tubular 5 -toothed corolla, 2-cleft style, and 

 a copious pappus of capillary separate bristles. Achenes oblong. [Greek name 

 of some similar plant.] About 30 species, natives of the north temperate zone. 

 Only the following and one other in N. Am. 



i. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. PEARLY OR LARGE- 

 FLOWERED EVERLASTING. (I. F. f. 3850.) Stem floccose-woolly, corymbosely 

 branched at the summit, leafy, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed 

 to a sessile base, revolute, green, but more or less pubescent above, woolly beneath 

 7-12 cm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, the lowest shorter, spatulate, usually obtuse; cor- 

 ymb compound, 5-20 cm. broad; heads very numerous, short-peduncled or sessile, 

 about 6 mm. high, 8 mm. broad when expanded; involucre campanulate, its bracts 

 ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, finely striate, pearly white, mostly glabrous; pappus- 

 bristles of the fertile flowers distinct and falling away separately. Dry soil, Newf. 

 to Alaska, N. Car., Kans. and Cal. Also in northern Asia. 



45. GNAPHALIUM L. 



Woolly branched herbs, with alternate leaves, and discoid heads of pistillate and 

 perfect flowers arranged in corymbs, spikes, racemes, or heads. Receptacle flat, 

 convex or conic, not chaffy, usually foveolate. Pistillate flowers in several series, 

 their corollas filiform, minutely dentate or 3-4-lobed. Central flowers perfect, 

 tubular, few, their corollas 5 -toothed or 5-lobed. Anthers sagittate at the base, the 

 auricles tailed. Achenes oblong or obovate, terete or slightly compressed, not 

 ribbed. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles, sometimes thickened above, 

 cohering at the base, or separately deciduous. [Greek, referring to the wool.] 

 About 120 species, widely distributed. 



Tall, erect ; inflorescence corymbose, or paniculate; pappus-bristles distinct. 



Leaves sessile; plant not viscid. i. G. obtusifolium. 



Leaves sessile; plant glandular-viscid. 2. G. Helleri. 



Leaves decurrent ; plant glandular-viscid. 3. G. decurrens. 



Low, diffuse; inflorescence mostly capitate; pappus-bristles distinct. 



Floccose-woolly; involucral bracts yellowish, or white. 4. G.palustre. 



Appressed-woolly ; involucral bracts becoming dark brown. 5. G. uliginosum. 



Tufted low mountain herbs; heads few; bracts brown; pappus-bristles distinct. 



6. G. supinum. 



Slender, simple ; heads spicate ; pappus-bristles united at base, falling away in a ring. 

 Leaves linear or lanceolate-spatulate, acute ; heads about 6 mm. high; northeastern. 

 Bracts dark brown ; stem-leaves lanceolate-spatulate. 7. G. JNorvegicum^ 



Bracts brownish tipped; stem-leaves linear. 8. G. sylvaticum. 



Leaves spatulate, obtuse or obtusish ; heads 4-5 mm. high; eastern and southern. 



9. G. purpureum. 



1. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. SWEET OR WHITE BALSAM. SWEET OR 

 FRAGRANT LIFE EVERLASTING. (I. F. f. 3851.) Annual or winter-annual, fra- 

 grant; stem erect, simple, or branched above, tomentose, 3-9 dm. high. Leaves 

 lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute or acutish, or the lower obtuse at the 

 apex, narrowed at the base, densely white- woolly beneath, glabrate and commonly 

 dark green above, 2-7 cm. long, 48 mm. wide, the margins undulate; heads 

 numerous, about 6 mm. high; bracts of the involucre white, or tinged with brown, 

 oblong, thin and scarious, obtuse, the outer woolly at the base; achenes glabrous. 

 In dry, mostly open places, N. S. to Fla., Manitoba, Kans. and Tex. Leaves of 

 winter rosettes oblong. Aug. Sept. 



2. Gnaphalium Helleri Britton. HELLER'S EVERLASTING. (I. F. f. 3852.) 

 Similar to the preceding species, 4-6 dm. high, the stem and branches densely 

 glandular-pubescent, not tomentose. Leaves oblong- lanceolate, sessile, acuminate 

 at both ends, green and hispidulous above, white-toinentose beneath, the larger 

 about 5 cm. long and i cm. vride, the uppermost much smaller and narrower; heads 

 very numerous, about 5 mm. broad ; involucre oblong, or becoming campanulate, 

 6 mm. high, its bracts bright white, tomentose, the outer oblong, the inner linear- 

 oblong, all obtuse ; achenes glabrous. In fields, Va. to Ky. and Ga. Sept.-Oct 



