984 FLORA. 



firm, appressed, imbricated in 3 series or more, the outer gradually shorter. Re- 

 ceptacle conic or cylindric, chaffy, the chaff subtending and enwrapping the disk- 

 flowers. Style-branches elongated, not appendaged. Achenes of the ray-flowers 

 somewhat 3-angled, those of the disk flattened. Pappus of few awns or teeth. 

 [In honor of Paul Crassus, an Italian botanist of the 1 6th century.] About 12 spe- 

 cies, natives of the U. S. and Mex. 



I. Crassina grandiflora (Nutt.) Kuntze. PRAIRIE ZINNIA. (I. F. f. 3877.) 

 Perennial, woody at the base, tufted, much branched, rough, 1-1.5 dm. high' 

 Leaves rather rigid, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, 1-3 cm. long, 3 mm. wide 

 or less, connate at the base, acute or acutish, crowded ; heads numerous, pedun- 

 cled, terminating the branches, 20-35 mm - broad ; rays 4 or 5, broad, yellow 

 rounded or emarginate, their achenes with a pappus of 2 or 4 awns ; involucre 

 campanulate-cylindric, 6-b mm. high ; style-branches of the disk-flowers subulate. 

 In dry soil, Kans. and Colo, to Tex., Mex. and Ariz. June-Sept. 



56. HELIOPSIS Pers. 



Perennial herbs (a tropical species annual), with opposite petioled 3-ribbed 

 leaves, and large peduncled terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate 

 yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bracts oblong 

 or lanceolate, imbricated in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle convex or conic, chaffy, the 

 chaff enveloping the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays spread- 

 ing, the tube very short, commonly persistent on the achene. Disk-flowers perfect, 

 the tube short, the limb elongated, 5-toothed. Anthers entire, or minutely 2-toothed 

 at the base. Style -branches tipped with small hirsute appendages. Achenes 

 thick, obtusely 3~4-angled, the summit truncate. Pappus none, or of 2-4 teeth, or 

 a coroniform border. [Greek, sun-like.] About 6 species, natives of America, 

 Besides the following, two others occur in the southern and southwestern U. S. 



Leaves smooth, or nearly so ; pappus none, or 0(2-4 short teeth. i. H. hclianthoides. 

 Leaves rough ; pappus crown-like, or of 1-3 sharp teeth. 2. H. scabra. 



1. Heliopsis helianthoides(L.)B.S.P. OX-EYE. FALSE SUNFLOWER. (I. F. 

 f. 3878.) Stem glabrous, branched above, 9-15 dm. high. Leaves opposite, or 

 rarely in 3*5, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, acuminate at the apex, usually 

 abruptly narrowed at the base, sharply and nearly equally dentate, 7-15 cm. 

 long, 2.5-6 cm. wide ; heads long-peduncled, somewhat corymbose, 3.5-6 cm. 

 broad ; rays 18-25 mnu l n gJ bracts of the involucre oblong or linear-oblong, 

 obtuse or acutish; achenes glabrous, the summit truncate. In open places, Ont. 

 to Fla., west to 111. and Ky. July-Sept. 



2. Heliopsis scabra Dunal. ROUGH OX-EYE. (I. F. f. 3879.) Similar to 

 the preceding species, but stem rough, at least above, simple or branched, 6-12 dm. 

 high. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sharply dentate, 

 firm, 5-12 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, abruptly narrowed at the base, short-petioled ; 

 heads few, or solitary, long-peduncled, 5-6 cm. broad ; rays usually 25 mm. long, 

 or more ; bracts of the involucre canescent, oblong or linear-oblong ; achenes pubes- 

 cent on the margins when young. Usually in dry soil, Me. to N. Y., N. J., 111., 

 Br. Col., Kans. and Ark. June-Sept. 



57. ECLIPTA L. 



Erect or diffuse branching pubescent or hirsute herbs, with opposite leaves, and 

 small peduncled terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate whitish flowers. 

 Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bracts imbricated in about 2 

 series, nearly equal, or the outer longer. Receptacle flat or convex, chaffy, the 

 chaff awn-like, subtending the achenes. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile. Disk- 

 flowers perfect, mostly fertile, their corollas tubular, 4-toothed or rarely 5-toothed. 

 Anthers entire or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style-branches of the disk- 

 flowers with obtuse or triangular tips. Achenes thick, those of the rays 3-sided, 

 those of the disk compressed. Pappus none, or of a few short teeth. [Greek, 

 wanting, referring to the absence of pappus.] About 4 species, mostly of tropical 

 distribution. 



i. Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. ECLIPTA. (I. F. f. 3880.) Annual, rough 

 with appressed pubescence, erect or diffuse. 1.5-9 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, 



