1OIO FLORA. 



Disk-flowers perfect, fertile. Style-branches truncate and penicillate at the summit. 

 Achenes turbinate, pubescent. Pappus scales acuminate or awned. [Greek, bitter 



glands.] 



i. Picradenia odorata (DC.) Britton. FRAGRANT PICRADENIA. LIMONILLO. 

 (I. F. f. 3971.) Annual; stem much branched, puberulent, sparingly hirsute or 

 glabrous, 3-6 dm. high, leafy. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, 1-3 parted into filiform 

 entire somewhat pubescent segments about i mm. wide; heads commonly numer- 

 ous, 12-20 mm. broad. Involucre campanulate, puberulent, its outer bracts 6-9, 

 lanceolate, keeled, acute, united at the base; rays 7-10, cuneate; pappus-scales 

 lanceolate, acuminate. In dry soil, Kans. to Tex., Mex. and Cal. April-July. 



79. HELENIUM L. 



Erect, mostly branching herbs, with alternate, mainly decurrent, punctate bitter 

 entire or dentate leaves, and large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate, 

 yellow or brownish-yellow flowers, or rays sometimes wanting. Involucre broad 

 and short, its bracts in I or 2 series, linear or subulate, reflexed or spreading. 

 Receptacle convex, sub-globose or oblong, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate and fer- 

 tile, or neutral, the rays cuneate, 3-5-lobed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their 

 corollas 4-5-toothed, the teeth glandular-pubescent. Anthers 2- toothed or sagittate 

 at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers dilated and truncate at the apex. 

 Achenes turbinate, ribbed. Pappus of 5-8 entire, dentate or incised, acuminate or 

 aristate scales. [The Greek name of some plant, from Helenusor Helena.] About 

 24 species, natives of North and Central America. In addition to the following, 

 some 18 others occur in the southern and southwestern U. S. 



Stem-leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate rays fertile, disk yellow. 



Leaves glabrous or nearly so. i. H. autumnale. 



Leaves grayish, scabrous, puberulent. 2. H. montanum. 



Stem-leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mainly entire; rays neutral; disk purple. 



3. H. nudiflorum. 

 Leaves all linear-filiform, entire; rays fertile. 4. H. tenuifolium. 



1. Helenium autumnale L. FALSE OR SWAMP SUNFLOWER. SNEEZEWEED- 

 YELLOW-STAR. OX-EYE. (I. F. f. 3972.) Perennial; stem puberulent or glabrous? 

 rather stout, narrowly winged by the decurrent bases of the leaves, corymbosely 

 branched above, 6-18 dm. high. Leaves firm, acuminate or acute at apex, nar- 

 rowed to the sessile base, pinnately few- veined, 5-12 cm. long, .5-5 cm. wide, bright 

 green; heads numerous, 3-5 cm. broad, borne on long puberulent peduncles; bracts 

 of the flattish involucre densely canescent, linear-lanceolate; rays 10-18, drooping, 

 bright yellow, 3-cleft; achenes pubescent on the angles; pappus-scales ovate, acu- 

 minate or aristate, often lacerate or toothed. In swamps and wet meadows, Que. to 

 Conn., Fla., S. Dak., Kans. and Ala. Aug. -Oct. 



2. Helenium montanum Nutt. WESTERN SNEEZEWEED. Like the last but 

 lower, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves narrower with smaller and closer teeth, grayish, 

 scabrous on both sides, especially beneath; stem also very scabrous; rays short, 

 about 8 mm. long, reflexed; bracts lanceolate. Meadows, Manitoba to Br. Col., 

 south to Miss, and Ariz. July-Sept. [//. autumnale pubescens Britton.] 



3. Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. PURPLE-HEAD SNEEZEWEED. (I. F. f. 3973.) 

 Perennial; stem mostly slender, puberulent at least above, corymbosely branched, 

 3-9 dm. high, narrowly winged by the decurrent leaf-bases. Stem-leaves 4-7 cm. 

 long, 4-12 mm. wide, sessile; basal and lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, dentate, 

 tapering into margined petioles ; heads 3-4 cm. broad, on slender or short-puberulent 

 peduncles; rays 10-15 (sometimes wanting), drooping, yellow, yellow with a brown 

 base, or brown throughout, 3-toothed; pappus-scales ovate, aristate. In moist soil. 

 Kans. to 111., Tex., east to N. Car. and Fla. Also near Philadelphia. June-Oct. 



4. Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. FINE-LEAVED SNEEZEWEED. (I. F. f. 3974.) 

 Annual; glabrous or minutely pubescent above; stem slender, very leafy and 

 usually much branched, 2-6 dm. high. Leaves sessile, often fascicled, 1-4 cm. long, 

 i mm. or less wide ; heads several or numerous, corymbose, 18-30 mm. broad, borne 

 on slender or filiform peduncles; bracts of the involucre few, linear or subulate, 

 sometimes pubescent, soon reflexed; rays 4-8, at length drooping; achenes villous; 

 pappus-scales ovate, tipped with slender awns. In moist soil, S. E. Va. to Fla.. 

 Mo., Kans., Ark. and Tex. Aug.-Oct. 



