36 FLORA. 



monoecious, both kinds terminal, the staminate globose; anthers opposite, 2-4 

 celled, the sacs globose, 2-valved. Ovule-bearing aments ovoid or oblong, small, 

 their scales opposite, each bearing 2 (rarely 2-5) erect ovules. Cones ovoid or ob- 

 long, mostly spreading or recurved, their scales 6-10, coriaceous, opposite, not 

 peltate, dry, spreading when mature. Seeds oblong, broadly or narrowly winged 

 or wingless. [Name ancient.] About 15 species, natives of North America and 

 eastern Asia. Besides the following, another occurs from Idaho and Or. to Alaska. 

 i. Thuja occidentalis L. WHITE CEDAR. ARBOR VIT.E. (I. F. f. 129.) A 

 conical tree, reaching a height of 22 m. and a trunk diameter of 1.6 m., the old 

 bark deciduous in ragged strips. Scale-like leaves of the ultimate branches nearly 

 obicular, obtuse, 2-3 mm. broad, the two lateral rows keeled, the two other rows 

 flat, causing the twigs to appear much flattened ; leaves of the older twigs narrower 

 and longer, acute or acuminate; mature cones, 8-10 long, their scales obtuse; seeds 

 broadly winged. In wet soil and along the banks of streams, forming almost im- 

 penetrable forests northward, N. B. to James Bay and Man., south to N. J., along 

 the Alleghenies to N. C. and to 111. and Minn. May-June. 



8. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. 



Evergreen trees, similar to the Tkujas, with minute opposite appressed 4-ranked 

 scale-like leaves, or those of older twigs subulate, and small monoecious terminal 

 aments. Staminate aments as in Thuja, but the filaments broader and shield- 

 shaped. Ovule-bearing aments globose, their scales opposite, peltate, each bear- 

 ing 2-5 erect ovules. Cones globose, the scales thick, peltate, each bearing 2-5 

 erect seeds, closed until mature, each with a central point or knob. Seeds winged . 

 [Greek, meaning a low cypress.] About 7 species, the following of the eastern U. 

 S., 2 in western N. Am., 3 or 4 Japanese. 



i. Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P. SOUTHERN WHITE CEDAR. (I. F. f. 

 130.) A forest tree, reaching a maximum height of about 30 m. and a trunk di- 

 ameter of 1.5 m. Leaves of the ultimate branchlets ovate, acute, scarcely I mm. 

 wide, those of the lateral rows keeled, those of the vertical rows slightly convex, 

 each with a minute round discoid marking on the centre of the back, those of the 

 older twigs narrower and longer, subulate; cones about 6 mm. in diameter, blue, 

 each of their closely fitting scales with a small central point; seeds narrowly 

 winged. In swamps, Mass, and N. H. to N. N. J., Fla. and Miss., mostly near 

 the coast. April-May. 



9. JUNI'PERUS L. 



Evergreen trees or shrubs with opposite or verticillate. subulate or scale-like, 

 sessile leaves, commonly of 2 kinds, and dioecious or sometimes monoecious, small 

 globose axillary or terminal aments. Leaf-buds naked. Staminate aments oblong 

 or ovoid ; anthers 2-6-celled, each sac 2-valved. Ovule-bearing aments of a few 

 opposite somewhat fleshy scales, or these rarely verticillate in 3*5, each bearing a 

 single erect ovule or rarely 2. Cones globose, berry-like by the coalescence of the 

 fleshy scales, containing 1-6 wingless bony seeds. [Name Celtic.] About 30 

 species, natives of the northern hemisphere, some of them extending into tropical 

 regions. Besides the following, 4 or 5 others occur in the western parts of North 

 America. 



Leaves all subulate, prickly pointed, verticillate ; aments axillary. 



Small erect tree or shrub; leaves slender, mostly straight. i. J. communis. 



Low depressed shrub ; leaves stouter, mostly curved. 2. J. nana. 



Leaves of 2 kinds, scale-like and subulate, mostly opposite ; aments terminal. 



Tree ; fruit on short straight branches. 3. J. Virginiana. 



Depressed shrub ; fruit on short recurved branches. 4. J. Sabina. 



I. Juniperus communis L. JUNIPER. (I. F. f. 131.) A low tree or erect 

 shrub, sometimes attaining a height of 8 m. and a trunk diameter of 25 cm., usually 

 smaller, the branches spreading or drooping, the bark shreddy. Leaves subulate, 

 rigid, spreading, or some of the lower reflexed, mostly straight, prickly pointed, 

 verticillate in 3*3, often with smaller ones fascicled in their axils, i -2 cm. long, less 

 than 2 mm. wide, channeled and commonly whitened on the upper surface ; aments 



