148 FLORA. 



3-7-flowered ; empty scales acuminate, smooth and glabrous, the first 1-3 -nerved, 

 shorter than the 3-5 -nerved second ; flowering scales, exclusive of awn, about 6 

 mm. long, faintly 5-nerved, slightly scabrous, minutely 2-toothed at the apex, bear- 

 ing an awn 1.2-1.6 cm. long. In waste places, Me. to southern N. Y. Adventive 

 from Europe. July-Aug. 



11. Festuca scabrella Torn ROUGH FESCUE-GRASS. (I. F. f. 501.) Culms 

 3-6 dm. tall, erect, usually rough below the panicle. Sheaths overlapping, 

 smooth ; leaves rough, 2 mm. wide or less, those of the culm 2.5-7.5 cm. long, 

 erect, the basal flat, much longer and readily deciduous from the sheaths, involute 

 in drying ; panicle 7.5-10 cm. in length, open, its branches ascending or the 

 lower widely spreading ; spikelets 3-5 -flowered, about 8 mm. long ; empty scales 

 scarious, unequal, smooth, the first i-nerved, the second longer, 3-nerved ; flower- 

 ing scales about 6 mm. long, scabrous, often bearing a short awn 2 mm. long or less. 

 Lab. and Quebec to Manitoba and Br. Col. Summer. 



12. Festuca Watsoni Nash. WATSON'S FESCUE-GRASS. Culms tufted, 

 erect, rigid, the base clothed with dry leafless sheaths. Sheaths smooth and gla- 

 brous ; leaves erect, stiff, smooth beneath, rough above, 2.5 dm. long or less, 24 

 mm. wide, those on the culm much shorter than those of the innovations ; panicle 

 strict, narrow, 10-12 cm. long, its branches erect or appressed ; spikelets usually 

 3 -flowered, 7-8 mm. long, the scales acute, the flowering scales strongly scabrous. 

 Meadows, Moot, to Neb. and Colo. June-July. {Festuca Kingii (S. Wats.) Scribn. 

 Not F. Kingiana Endl.) 



94. BROMUS L. 



Annual or perennial grasses, with flat leaves and terminal panicles, the pedicels 

 thickened at the summit. Sheaths sometimes not split. Spikelets few-many-flow- 

 ered. Two lower scales empty, unequal, acute; flowering scales rounded on the 

 back, or sometimes compressed-keeled, 5-9-nerved, the apex usually 2-toothed, 

 generally bearing an awn just below the summit; palet shorter than the scale, '- 

 2 -keeled. Stamens usually 3. Stigmas sessile, plumose, inserted below a hairy 

 cushion-like appendage at the top of the ovary. Grain adherent to the palet. 

 [Greek name for a kind of oats.] About 40 species, most numerous in the north 

 temperate zone. Besides the following, some 14 others occur in the western parts 

 of N. Am. 



Lower empty scale i-nerved, the upper 3-nerved. 



Awn shorter than the flowering scale or wanting; perennials 6-12 dm. tall. 

 Flowering scales awnless, or merely awn-pointed. i. B. inermis. 



Flowering scales awned. 



Sheaths glabrous or softly pubescent, the lower sometimes sparingly hirsute. 

 Leaves 4-12 mm. wide; culms stout; branches of the panicle more or 



less spreading or drooping. 2. B. ciliatus. 



Leaves less than 4 mm. wide; culms slender; branches of the panicle 



erect. 3. B . erectus. 



Sheaths strongly retrorse-hirsute. 4. B. asper. 



Awn longer than the flowering scale ; low annuals 3-6 dm. tall. 



Flowering scales appressed-hirsute, 8-12 mm. long. 5. B. tectorum. 



Flowering scales sparsely appressed.-hispidulous. 



Spikelets usually single on the long naked spreading branches. 



6. B. sterilis. 

 Spikelets several on the branches which are divided and spikelet-bearing 



above the middle. 7. B. Madritensis. 



Lower empty scale 3-nerved, the upper s-o-nerved (3-nerved in No. 8). 

 a. Flowering scales rounded on the back, at least below, 

 i. Flowering scales awned. 



Flowering scales pubescent. 



Pubescence dense, consisting of long silky hairs. 



Second empty scale 3-nerved ; flowering scales 1-1.2 cm. long. 



8. B. Porteri. 

 Second empty scale s-y-nerved ; flowering scales about 8 mm. long. 



9. B. Kalmii. 

 Pubescence of short soft appressed hairs, not dense. 



10. B. Jiordeaceus, 



