180 FLORA. 



lets; scales brown with a green midvein, bristles 4, barbed downwardly nearly or 

 quite to the base, somewhat longer than the achene; stamens 2; style 2-cleft; 

 achene oblong -obovate, nearly white, plano-convex or with a low ridge on the back, 

 pointed. In swamps and wet woods, N. S. to Quebec and Alaska, Mass., N. Y., 

 Minn, and Cal. July-Sept. 



25. Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl. LEAFY BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 632.) Peren- 

 nial by rootstocks; culms slender, sharply triangular, 0.3-1.1 m. tall, very leafy, 

 the leaves 4-6 mm. wide, 3-ranked, rough-margined, those of the involucre 3-6, 

 the longer commonly somewhat exceeding the inflorescence ; spikelets ovoid, about 

 3 mm. long, capitate at the ends of the raylets; scales ovate, bright brown, mostly 

 obtuse, mucronulate; bristles 6, downwardly barbed above the middle, twice as 

 long as the achene; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene obovoid, 3-angled with a 

 broad face and narrower sides, short-pointed, dull. In swamps, wet woods and 

 meadows, Mass, to Minn., Ala. and Ark. Some of the scales of the spikelets 

 occasionally develop into linear leaves. July-Sept. 



26. Scirpus Peckii Britton. PECK'S BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 633.) Perennial by 

 rootstocks; culms slender, triangular, 0.4-1 m. tall, leafy. Leaves elongated, 

 4-10 mm. wide, rough -margined, the upper overtopping the culm, those of the 

 involucre 3-5, the longer exceeding the inflorescence; umbel compound, large; 

 spikelets cylindric, obtusish, 6-10 mm. long, in capitate clusters at the ends of the 

 raylets or some of them peduncled; scales dark brown, keeled, mucronate, falling 

 early; bristles 4-6, downwardly barbed from below the middle to the summit, longer 

 than the achene; style 3-cleft; achene 3-angled, 0.5 mm. long, oblong, narrowed 

 at each end, slender-beaked. In swamps, Conn, and N. Y. July-Sept. 



27. Scirpus divaricatus Ell. SPREADING BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 634.) Roots 

 fibrous; culms obtusely triangular, smooth, rather slender, 0.6-1.1 m. tall. Leaves 

 4-8 mm. wide, rough-margined, not exceeding the inflorescence; umbel decom- 

 pound, the primary rays very slender, sometimes 1.5 dm. long, spreading or 

 drooping ; involucels setaceous, spikelets mostly solitary at the ends of the raylets, 

 linear-oblong, obtuse, 612 mm. long, I mm. thick; scales ovate, greenish -brown, 

 subacute or obtuse, bristles 6, flexuous, longer than the achene, somewhat 

 pubescent, not barbed, shorter than the scales; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene 

 3-angled, oblong, narrowed at both ends, apiculate, nearly white, not shining. In 

 swamps, Va. and Ky. to Mo., Fla. and La. The spikelets sometimes partially 

 develop into tufts of leaves. June Aug. 



28. Scirpus lineatus Michx. REDDISH BULRUSH. (I. F. f. 635.) Perennial 

 by stout rootstooks ; culms triangular, erect, 0.3-1 m. high, leafy. Leaves 4-8 mm. 

 wide, not exceeding the inflorescence; light green, flat, rough-margined; umbels 

 decompound, the rays very slender, becoming pendulous; spikelets mostly solitary 

 at the ends of the raylets, oblong, obtuse, 6-10 mm. long, about 2 mm. in diameter; 

 scales ovate or oblong, reddish-brown with a green midvein; bristles 6, weak, 

 smooth, entangled, much longer than the achene, equalling the scales or longer; 

 stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene oblong or oblong-obovoid, pale brown, narrowed 

 at both ends, 3-angled, short-beaked. In swamps and wet meadows, N. II. to 

 Ont., Ore., Ga. and Tex. June-Sept. 



29. Scirpus cyperinus (L. ) Kunth. WOOL-GRASS. (I. F. f. 636.) Perennial; 

 culms smooth, obtusely triangular or nearly terete, stiff, leafy, o.6-2m. tall. 

 Leaves elongated, 3-6 mm. wide, rough -margined, those of the involucre 3-6, the 

 longer much exceeding the inflorescence; umbel terminal, compound, the rays at 

 length somewhat drooping; spikelets ovoid-oblong, obtuse, 3-5 mm. long, in capitate 

 clusters of 3-15 at the ends of the raylets; scales ovate or lanceolate, acute or 

 subacute; bristles 6, entangled, smooth, much longer than the achene, much exserted 

 beyond the scales and grayish brown at maturity; stamens 3; style 3-cleft; achene 

 3-angled, oblong, slender-beaked, nearly white. In swamps, Newf. to Ont., Va. 

 and Ky. Aug. -Sept. 



Scirpus cyperinus Eri6phorum (Michx.) Britton. Spikelets mostly peduncled. 

 Range of the type, but extending to Fla. and La. 



10. ERIOPHORUM L. 



Bog sedges, perennial by rootstocks, the culms erect, triangular or nearly terete, 

 the leaves linear, or I or 2 of the upper ones reduced to bladeless sheaths. Spike- 



