394 FLORA. 



flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx cylindric in flower, becoming sharply 5 -angled 

 and inflated in fruit, 5 -toothed, not bracted at the base. Petals much longer than 

 the calyx, not appendaged. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 4-toothed. Seeds 

 laterally attached; embryo curved. [Latin, cow, in allusion to its value for fodder.] 

 About 3 species, natives of Europe and Asia. 



i. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. COW-HERB. (I. F. f. 1467.) Plant 3-6 

 dm. high. Leaves 2-8 cm. long, connate at the base; flowers pale red, 6-8 mm. 

 broad; calyx 10-15 mm. long, 5 -ribbed; petals crenulate. In waste places, Ont. 

 to Br. Col., Fla. and La. Also in the Rocky Mt. region. Naturalized or adven- 

 tive from Europe. June- Aug. 



9. DIANTHUS L. 



Stiff herbs, mainly with narrow leaves. Flowers terminal, solitary or cymose- 

 paniculate, generally purple. Calyx 5-toothed, finely and equally many-stnate, 

 tubular, several-bracted at the base. Petals 5, long-clawed, dentate or crenate. 

 Stamens 10. Styles 2. Ovary i-celled, stipitate. Capsule cylindric or oblong, 

 stalked, dehiscent by 4 or 5 short teeth at the summit. Seeds compressed, laterally 

 attached. Embryo straight, excentric. [Greek, the flower of Jove.] Species 

 about 200, natives of the Old World; one of Siberia extending into arctic America. 



Annuals ; flowers clustered. 



Bracts broad, scarious. i. J}, prolifer. 



Bracts narrow, herbaceous, long-pointed. 2. D. Armeria. 

 Perennials. 



Flowers solitary ; leaves linear, short. 3. D. deltoides. 



Flowers clustered ; leaves lanceolate. _ 4. D. barbatus. 



1. Dianthus prolifer L. PROLIFEROUS PINK. (I. F. f. 1468.) Glabrous, 

 1.5-4 dm. high, simple, or with few erect branches. Leaves distant, linear, acute, 

 1-2 mm. wide; flowers small, pink, in terminal oblong or obovoid heads, and 

 appearing successively from behind the bracts, which are broad, ovate, imbricated, 

 shining, obtuse or mucronate, concealing the calyx. In waste places and ballast, 

 Mass, to Del. and Ohio. Fugitive from Europe. Summer. 



2. Dianthus Armeria L. DEPTFORD PINK. (I. . f. 1469.) Finely pubes- 

 cent, 1.5-4.5 dm. high; branches few, nearly erect. Leaves linear, erect, 2-3 mm. 

 wide; flowers small, pink with whitish dots, in terminal often dense clusters; 

 bracts lanceolate-subulate, erect, mostly longer than the sharply-toothed calyx. In 

 fields and along roadsides, Me. to S. Ont. Mich, and Va. Naturalized from 

 Europe. Summer. 



3. Dianthus deltoides L. MAIDEN PINK. (I. F. f. 1470.) Tufted, glabrous 

 or somewhat hoary; stems ascending, 1.5-4 dm. long. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 2 mm. wide, those of the flowering stems erect, acutish. the lower obtuse; flowers 

 pink or whitish, solitary; petals dentate; bracts ovate, pointed, about half as long 

 as the calyx or less. In waste places, Conn, and eastern Mass, to northern N. Y. and 

 Mich. Adventive from Europe. Summer. 



4. Dianthus barbatus L. SWEET WILLIAM. (I. F. f. 1471.) Tufted, gla- 

 brous, erect, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 8-18 mm. wide, 

 acute; bracts linear-filiform, about equalling the long-toothed calyx; flowers pink 

 or whitish, in large terminal clusters. In waste places, occasional in the Eastern 

 and Middle States. Introduced from Europe. Summer. 



10. ALS^INE L. 



Tufted herbs, with cymose white flowers. Sepals 5, rarely 4. Petals of the 

 same number, 2-cleft, 2-parted, or emarginate, white in our species, rarely none. 

 Stamens loor fewer, hypogynous. Ovary i-celled; styles commonly 3, rarely 4 or 5, 

 usually opposite the sepals. Capsule dehiscent by twice as many valves as there 

 are styles. [Greek, grove, the habitat of some species.] Species about 75, 

 widely distributed, most abundant in temperate or cold climates. 



Styles 5 ; leaves ovate, 2-5 cm. long. i. A. aquatica. 



Styles 3, rarely 4. 



Leaves broad, ovate, ovate-oblong or oblong. 



Plants glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs. 



Flowers few, terminal ; leaves ovate, 4-6 mm. long. 2. A, humifusa. 



