420 FLORA. 



petal-like. Stamens all anther-bearing. Achenes short-beaked, pubescent. [Name 

 ancient, from the supposed resemblance of the leaves to the liver. J About 4 species, 

 natives of the north temperate zone. Only the following are known from N. Am. 

 Lobes of the leaves rouuded or obtuse. i. fj, Hepatica. 



Lobes of the leaves acute. 2. H. acuta. 



1. Hepatica Hepatica (L.) Karst. ROUND-LOBKD OR KIDNEY LIVER-LEAF. 

 NOBLE LIVERWORT. (I. F. f. 1578.) Scapes 10-15 cm - high, villous; roots fibrous. 

 Leaves long-petioled, reniform, 5-6 cm. broad when mature, spreading on the 

 ground, 3-lobed, and the lobes sometimes toothed or again lobed, obtuse; involucral 

 leaves obtuse; flowers blue, purple or white, 12-20 mm. broad; sepals oval or ob- 

 long, obtuse, longer than the stamens; achenes several, 4 mm. long, oblong, acute, 

 hairy. In woods, N. S. to northern Fla., west to Manitoba, Iowa and Mo. Also 

 in Europe and Asia. Dec. -May. 



2. Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton. SHARP-LOBED OR HEART LIVER-LEAF. 

 (I. F. f. I579-) Scapes 1-2 dm. high, villous. Plant closely resembling the pre- 

 ceding, differing in that the leaf-lobes and those of the involucre are acute or 

 acutish. In woods, Quebec and throughout Ont.. south to Ga.. west to Iowa and 

 Minn. Puzzling forms occur which are referable with about equal certainty to the 

 preceding species. March-April. 



16. SYNDESMON Hoffmg. 



A glabrous perennial herb from a cluster of tuberous -thickened roots, with basal 

 2-3-ternately compound leaves, those of the involucre similar but sessile, and large 

 terminal umbellate slender-pedicelled white flowers. Sepals thin, petaloid. Petals 

 none. Stamens all anther-bearing. Achenes terete, deeply grooved ; stigma ses- 

 sile, truncate. [Greek, bound together, the plant uniting many of the characters 

 of Anemone and Thalictrnui.] A monotvpic genus of eastern N. Am. 



i. Syndesmon thalictrpides (L.) Hoffmg. RUE-ANEMONE. (I. F. f. 1580.) 

 Low, glabrous, 10-35 cm - high, the flowering stem arising in early spring, the 

 ternately-compound basal leaves appearing later and resembling those of Thalic- 

 trnm; sepals 5-10, white or pinkish, longer than the stamens; flower i~2 cm. 

 broad; achenes sessile, pointed, 8-12 mm. long. In woods throughout the eastern 

 U. S., west to Kans. and Minn., sparingly in Ont. March-June. 



17. PULSATILLA Adans. 



Perennial scapose herbs, with thick rootstocks, basal long-petioled digitately 

 divided leaves, and large purple or white solitary flowers. Involucre remote from 

 the flower, 3-leaved. Sepals petaloid. Petals none. Inner stamens anther-bear- 

 ing, the outer ones often sterile. Achenes with long persistent plumose styles. 

 [Latin name, unexplained.] About 18 species, of the north temperate and sub- 

 arctic zones. Besides the following, 2 others occur in northwestern N. Am. 



i. Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton. AMERICAN OR NUTTALL'S 

 PASQUE FLOWER. (I. F. f. 1581.) Villous, 1.5-4 dm. high. Leaves much di- 

 vided into narrow linear acute lobes, the basal on slender petioles, those of the 

 involucre sessile and erect or ascending; sepals ovate-oblong, light bluish -purple; 

 fruit a head of silky achenes like those of some Clematis. In dry soil, prairies of 

 111. to the N. W. Terr., Br. Col., Neb. and Tex. March-April. 



18. CLEMATIS L. 



Climbing vines, or perennial herbs, more or less woody. Leaves opposite, 

 slender-petioled, pinnately compound, lobed. or in some species entire. Sepals 4 

 or 5, valvate in the bud, petaloid. Petals none. Stamens ao . Pistils oo 

 Achenes I -seeded. Style long, persistent, plumose, silky or naked. [Greek 

 name for some climbing plant.] About 100 species of very wide geographic dis- 

 tribution, most abundant in temperate regions. Besides the following, some 12 

 others occur in the southern and western parts of North America. 



* Climbing: vines ; leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate. 

 Flowers panicled, numerous; filaments glabrous. 



Leaves glabrate or nearly so; achenes with a thick obtuse margin 



Leaves 3-foliolate; eastern. i. C. I'irginiana. 



Leaves pinnately 5~7-folioIate ; western. 2. C. lignsticifolia. 



Leaves decidedly silky beneath ; achenes marginless. 3. C. Alissouriensis. 



